Well, PL/SQL is certainly proprietary, but that is because we lack an ANSI standard for stored procedures. I think PL/SQL is a proposed standard with the ANSI body for SQL-3, but I'm no expert and will not argue about it. Anyway, PL/SQL is not a 4GL. There are some obvious reasons why you would not choose to use our current PL/SQL approach to generate dynamic content in html pages: - need to interface with external things - need to support multiple databases - need to access blobs - more comfortable with some other language - not so worried about support issues - not so worried about manageability and porting issues - not so worried about using the filesystem I'm sure there are more reasons. However, there are quite a lot of reasons, especially for existing Oracle customers, why the PL/SQL approach is very attractive: - their existing applications have PL/SQL APIs, so they get easy integration - need to do lots of SQL - need 100% portability between operating systems - need good scaleability - need to make use of SMP and MPP hardware architectures - need to support many concurrent users - need enhanced security features - no external files to manage - full data encapsulation - need 24x7 worldwide support - global consulting business - offices in over 90 countries - need proven technology Judging by the amount of attention and business we are doing with fortune-100 corporations on our WebServer technology, this is certainly a valid analysis. This is actually the first time I've had a chance to read usenet for over a month! The key is really to choose the right tool for a given task, and as indicated, PL/SQL is suitable for some, but not all.