From Earthquake Prediction as Example of N Body Computations CPS615 INtroduction to Computational Science -- Fall Semester 1998. byGeoffrey C. Fox
Note that tree codes are a simple example of general need in GEM to have technologies that bridge different physical scales
This is well known for multigrid approach to elliptic partial differential equation solvers
Information travels in O(1 or log K) steps and not K steps for a grid of size K
Multipole method implements this type of fast traversal of multiple scales with its variable grid size. A uniform grid is dominated by small distances even if irrelevant