"What" Causes this force?
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At the most fundamental level of Quantum gravity, we will we find "elementary" Gauge Particles -- The Gravitons which are analogue of Photons for Electromagnetism and Gluons for Quantum Chromodynamics
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Most Physicists believe all forces can be described by a unified theory at the Quantum level but this is still speculative.
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The Graviton is unusual as has Spin 2 (Corresponding to two indices in metric tensor gmn we will soon study) wheras other force quanta are spin 1
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For instance, spin 1 Photon corresponds to single index vector field Am
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However we will study the classical theory which is sufficient for all observations
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