\hoffset=2pc
\voffset=-3.5pc
\def\pmb#1{\setbox0=\hbox{#1}%
  \kern-.025em\copy0\kern-\wd0
  \kern.05em\copy0\kern-\wd0
  \kern-.025em\raise.0433em\copy0\kern-\wd0
  \kern-.0125em\raise-.0217em\copy0\kern-\wd0
  \kern.025em\copy0\kern-\wd0\box0 }
\def\m@th{\mathsurround=0pt }
\def\myalign#1{\,\vcenter{\normalbaselines\m@th
    \ialign{$##$\hfil&&\quad$##$\hfil\crcr
      \mathstrut\crcr\noalign{\kern-\baselineskip}
      #1\crcr\mathstrut\crcr\noalign{\kern-\baselineskip}}}\,}
\def\myeq#1#2{\eqno{\hbox{(#1-#2)}}}
\def\bom{\pmb{$\omega$}}
\def\parasoft{{\sl Parasoft}}
\def\express{{\sl Express}}
\def\ndb{\sl ndb}
\def\fil#1{{\tt #1}}
\def\csub#1{{\sl #1}}
\def\pcall#1#2{{\bf proc{\_}call} {\it #1\/} ( #2 )}
\def\pbegin#1#2{{\bf proc{\_}begin} {\it #1\/} ( #2 )}
\def\pend{{\bf proc{\_}end}}
\def\ibegin#1{{\bf if{\_}begin} ( #1 ) {\bf then}}
\def\ielse{{\bf else}}
\def\jelse#1{{\bf else{\_}if} ( #1 ) {\bf then}}
\def\iend{{\bf if{\_}end}}
\def\fbegin#1{{\bf for{\_}begin} ( #1 )}
\def\fend{{\bf for{\_}end}}
\def\en{$\backslash$n}
\def\dq{$''$}
\def\leaderfill{\leaders\hbox to 1em{\hss.\hss}\hfill}
\def\leaderex{\leaders\hbox to 1ex{\hss.\hss}\hfill}
\def\getmes{{\sl get{\_}message}}
\def\setcrbuf{{\sl set{\_}cr{\_}buf}}
\def\clearcrbuf{{\sl clear{\_}cr{\_}buf}}
\def\errmes{{\sl error{\_}messages}}
\def\crouter{{\sl crystal{\_}router}}
\def\cryacc{{\sl crystal{\_}accumulator}}
\def\atoo{{\sl send{\_}message}}
\def\intfun#1#2{{\bf int{\_}fun} {\it #1} ( {#2} )}
\def\dint#1{{\bf declare{\_}int} {#1};}	
\def\dbuf#1{{\bf declare{\_}buf} {#1};}	
\def\comment#1{/$*$ {#1} $*$/}
\def\submap{{\sl submap}}
\def\gridmap{{\sl gridmap}}
\def\comutil{{\sl comutil}}
\def\index{{\sl indexx}}
\def\transpose{{\sl transpose}}
\def\expand{{\sl expand}}
\def\fold{{\sl fold}}
\def\broadcast{{\sl broadcast}}
\def\bcast{{\sl bcast}}
\def\combine{{\sl combine}}
\def\scatter{{\sl scatter}}
\def\transfer{{\sl transfer}}
\def\vmsetup{{\sl vm{\_}setup}}
\def\vminit{{\sl vm{\_}init}}
\def\vmkill{{\sl vm{\_}kill}}
\def\vmread{{\sl vm{\_}read}}
\def\vmwrite{{\sl vm{\_}write}}
\def\vmcombegin{{\sl vm{\_}combegin}}
\def\vmcomend{{\sl vm{\_}comend}}
\def\vmquery{{\sl vm{\_}query}}
\def\vmexit{{\sl vm{\_}exit}}
\hfuzz=2pt
\vfuzz=2pt
\gdef\today{\ifcase\month\or
  January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
  July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
  \space\number\day, \number\year}
  \footline={\hfill} %\footline={\hfill Draft 1.2\quad\today\hfill}
\def\spcp{\it ``Solving Problems on Concurrent Processors''\/}
\def\nsim{\sl nsim}
\def\caret{\^\ \kern-6pt}
\def\cccp{C$^3$P}
\def\beginsection#1#2{
    \let\endgraf=\par \edef\restoreleftskip{\leftskip=\the\leftskip}
    \def\par{\endgraf \restoreleftskip \let\par=\endgraf}
    \advance\leftskip by -3pc\noindent
    \hbox{\bf #1\enskip #2}\par\medskip
    \gdef\rhead{Sec. {#1}\enskip {#2}}}
\def\beginsubsection#1#2{
    \let\endgraf=\par \edef\restoreleftskip{\leftskip=\the\leftskip}
    \def\par{\endgraf \restoreleftskip \let\par=\endgraf}
    \advance\leftskip by -3pc\noindent
    \hbox{\bf #1\enskip #2}\par\medskip}
\def\beginappsec#1#2{
    \advance\leftskip by -3pc\noindent
    \hbox{\bf #1\enskip #2}\medskip
    \gdef\rhead{Sec. {#1}\enskip {#2}}}
\def\endappsec{\advance\leftskip by 3pc}
\def\beginappsubsec#1#2{
    \noindent
    \hbox{\bf #1\enskip #2}}
\def\quietchapter#1#2{\global\titletrue\titlefont\noindent #1\vskip 0.5truein
    \gdef\lhead{#2\enskip Chap. {#1}}}
\def\tutorialhead#1{\global\titletrue\global\tutorialtitletrue
    \titlefont\noindent #1\vskip 0.5truein\gdef\lhead{#1}\tenpoint}
\def\quiettuthead#1{\global\titletrue\global\tutorialtitletrue
    \gdef\lhead{#1}\tenpoint}
\def\beginchapter#1#2{\global\titletrue\titlefont\noindent #1\vskip 0.5truein
    \noindent #2\bigskip\tenpoint
    \gdef\lhead{#2\enskip Chap.~{#1}}}
\def\beginappendix#1#2{\global\titletrue\titlefont\noindent #1\vskip 0.5truein
    \noindent Appendix {#1}:\bigskip
    \noindent #2\bigskip\tenpoint
    \gdef\lhead{Appendix {#1}:\enskip #2}}
\def\chapterline#1{\titlefont\noindent #1\bigskip\tenpoint}
\def\mybox#1{\vbox{\hrule\hbox to \pagewidth{\vrule\kern15pt
		   \vbox{\kern3pt#1\kern3pt}\hfill\vrule}
		   \hrule}}
\def\refer#1{\line{\hbox to 1.7truein{\bf Refer to \hfill :}\enskip{#1}
of Volume 1.\hfill}}
\def\rold#1{\line{\hbox to 1.7truein{\bf Refer to \hfill :}\enskip{#1}\hfill}}
\def\ccode#1{\line{\hbox to 1.7truein{\bf C Directory \hfill :}\enskip 
{\$}CODE/CDIR/#1\hfill}}
\def\fcode#1{\line{\hbox to 1.7truein{\bf Fortran Directory \hfill :}\enskip 
{\$}CODE/FDIR/#1\hfill}}
\def\ctut{\line{\hbox to 1.7truein{\bf C Directory \hfill :}\enskip 
{\$}TUTORIAL/CDIR\hfill}}
\def\ftut{\line{\hbox to 1.7truein{\bf Fortran Directory \hfill :}\enskip 
{\$}TUTORIAL/FDIR\hfill}}
\def\cblank#1{\line{\hbox to 1.7truein{\hfill}\enskip 
{\$}CODE/CDIR/#1\hfill}}
\def\fblank#1{\line{\hbox to 1.7truein{\hfill}\enskip 
{\$}CODE/FDIR/#1\hfill}}
\def\boxit#1{\vbox{\hrule\hbox{\vrule\kern15pt
		   \vbox{\kern3pt#1\kern3pt}\kern15pt\vrule}
		   \hrule}}
\def\specialbopempty{}
\let\specialboptext=\specialbopempty
\def\specialbop#1{%
 \xdef\specialboptext{%
  \specialboptext
  \special{#1}%
 }
}
\def\specialbopemit{
 \ifx\specialboptext\specialbopempty
 \else
  \specialboptext
  \global\let\specialboptext=\specialbopempty
 \fi
}
