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@chars = map( expr , @nums);
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Here expr is some Expression or Block which accesses variable $_
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map sets $_ to be succesive values in list @nums and returns the successive results of executing BLOCK expr with each value of $_
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These results are returned in list context and may give zero one or more entries into total list @chars
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A similar construct is grep which acts like map but returns a list containing just the entries in @nums for which expr is TRUE
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This is clearly like UNIX grep as
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grep ( /regexp/, @listoflines ); # returns just those lines matching regexp
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$_ is set by reference to $listoflines[0...] and so altering $_ will alter original @listoflines
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