STDIN is a file handle (or pointer) and <STDIN> is a scalar representing the next line from the input stream
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$line = <STDIN>; # sets $line to next line read from standard input
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Unusually, this line always includes terminating newline and so we have a special function to remove terminating newlines
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chomp($line); removes the newline in $line and returns a newline (or not, if none is present)
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$nl = chomp($line) # set $nl to "\n" and remove newline from $line
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chop is similar but removes any character (not just newline)
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We can also print scalars with print $line;
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print is more powerful and we will learn about it later as argument can be a scalar but is normally a list or array
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