Passwords on UNIX are stored using a hash based on encrypting 0 with a DES like secret algorithm with key based on password
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Kerberos is a secret key cryptography system using a KDC -- Key distribution center which keep authorized people and their master keys
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Sessions are assigned dynamically session keys which are used to encrypt with DES transmissions
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Electronic mail systems include PEM (Privacy Enhanced Mail) which could use Kerberos like secret keys but in practice is based on public key certification with again DES for message transmission
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PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) is similar to PEM and used for mail and file transmission
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Note difficulties is public key certificate. This area will get a lot easier when Internet shopping promotes public key certification strategy
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