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For the data contained in an XML document to be parsed correctly, its markup must be well-formed, meaning that properly nested and nonabbreviated starting and ending tags are used.
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This well-formedness provides the encapsulation mechanism allowing designated sections of the data to be accessed programmatically.
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It is important to remember that XML is a markup language, not a programming language
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Scenario #1: the server offers the XML document without its DTD, the parser does a syntax check, and the DTD follows if the XML document is "well-formed"
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Scenario #2: the server checks the XML document against its DTD ("validity") before sending the document to the client
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