Protection components:
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Confidentiality - hiding data to all but the intended viewers typically involves encryption, where data are scrambled and unscrambled using some common algorithm (DES, RC4, RC5, IDEA) and common cryptographic keys
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Integrity - keeping information unchanged by applying tools to detect any alterations (algorithms: MD5, SHA)- they use strong cryptographic data checksums generated at the source, sent with data and checked at the destination
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Authentication - identifying of the origin of information (typically associated with logon procedures). Public key technologies (RSA, DSA) are used to create digital signatures
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Authorization - providing authenticated users with access services through access rights
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