Requirements for VPN:
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end-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) but not available yet.
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competing standards include: RSVP, IPv6, ATM QoS, MPOA
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security; reliability; good performance; internet access
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Secure tunneling over public PDN:
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PPTP - Microsoft (In Win NT)
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L2F - Cisco (Layer 2 forwarding)
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ATMP - Ascend (Ascend Tunnel Management Protocol)
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L2TP - Microsoft / Cisco (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol)
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IPSec - Internet Protocol Security
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Security is based on encryption and authentication
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Client side x.509 certificates,
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SecurID; SmartCard, CryptoCard,
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S/Key authentication module
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