We propose that Petaflops programming requires two key components. The
first is research into new approaches to software and algorithms, which
can handle memory hierarchy, latency and bandwidth, and its relation to
machine and application geometric structure. This alone will not lead
to a user-friendly programming environment. Here, we suggest a
sophisticated Web technology-based ``new generation'' system supporting
convenient flexible access to high-performance runtime libraries
written in Fortran, C++, and Java.
Note, we only discuss a few issues - in particular, languages and
overall environment. Other critical areas, such as tools, are not
discussed.