Quantum ChromoDynamics (QCD) Special Purpose Machines
Here the case for special purpose machines is less compelling than for GRAPE as QCD is “just” regular (easy to parallelize; lowish communication) and extremely floating point intensive.
We illustrate with two machines which are classic MIMD distributed memory architecture with optimized nodes/communication networks
BNL/Columbia QCDSP 400 Megaflops
Univ. of CP-PACS (general physics) 600 Megaflops