- High Performance Computing and Communications
- Presented: June 23 - July 5, 1995
- Beijing and Harbin, China
- Overview of Talk
- %What is NPAC?
- %HPCC
- !One Person's Perspective
- !The HPCCI and NII, Grand and National Challenges
- %Technical Topics (Opportunities for Collaboration)
- !NPAC's Core Technologies and Computing Facilities
- !Computational Science and Research
- !Computer Science
- !Computational Science Education
- !InfoMall: Technology Transfer and Commercialization
- What Is NPAC?
- %Northeast Parallel Architectures Center of Syracuse University
- %Directed by Geoffrey C. Fox
- !Professor of Physics and Computer Science
- %Over 25 Professional and Support Staff Plus
- !Over 10 Syracuse University Academic Collaborators and Over 28 Student Researchers
- !Over 50 Non-Syracuse University Member Organizations
- %Computing Facilities
- NPAC Funding CY95: $4,620K*
- %New York State$1,700K36.8%
- !Operations$700K15.2%
- !Infrastructure$1,000K21.6%
- %Industry Projects$430K9.3%
- %Federal Government$2,290K49.5%
- !InfoVision (US Air Force)$440K9.5%
- !Base HPCC (CRPC)$1,150K24.9%
- !HPCC Simulations$300K8.6%
- !HPCC Education$400K8.6%
- %Syracuse University$200K4.3%
- NPAC Collaborators:
- Internal, Syracuse University
- %Computer Science and Computer Engineering
- %Physics Department
- %Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- %Environmental Engineering
- %Chemistry (and other Science and Engineering Departments)
- %School of Information Studies (IST)
- %School of Education
- %Newhouse School of Public Communications and University Electronic Media Services Group
- %Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs
- %Management School
- Examples of NPAC Enabled Revenue
- %Applied Parallel Technologies, $2M from NIST
- %Sonnet, from ARPA
- %Syracuse Research Corporation, from Air Force
- %Multi disciplinary Analysis and Design Industrial Consortium (MADIC), $1M from NASA
- %Portland Group (licenses NPAC Fortran 90D technology, from ARPA
- %The Ultra Corporation, $2M from US DoD
- NPAC Collaborators:External (1 of 2)
- %Abrams/Gentile Entertainment, Inc.
- %Applied Parallel Technologies
- %Booz, Allen & Hamilton, Inc.
- %Center for Research on Parallel Computation (CRPC):
- !Argonne National Laboratory
- !California Institute of Technology
- !Los Alamos National Laboratory
- !Rice University
- !Syracuse University
- !University of Tennessee at Knoxville
- %Central New York Technology Development Organization
- %Columbia University
- %Communigration, Inc.
- %Computer Applications and Software Engineering (CASE) Center
- NPAC Collaborators:External (2 of 2)
- %MasPar Computer Corporation
- %Microelectronics and Computer Technology Consortium (MCC)
- %Mohawk Valley Applied Technology Commission
- %New York City Partnership, Inc.
- %New York Photonics Development Corporation
- %Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation
- %Northeast Parallel Architectures Center (NPAC)
- %NYNEX
- %NYSERnet
- %Oracle Corporation
- %Par Technology Corporation
- InfoMall: Technology Transfer and Commercialization
- NPAC Computing Facilities
- NPAC Computing Infrastructure
- Wide Area ATM Infrastructure
- NPAC Programs
- %Core Technologies R&D
- %Computing and Infrastructure Facilities O&M
- %Computational Science Research
- %Computational Science Education
- %Computer Science
- %HPCC Technology Transfer and Commercialization
- NPAC's HPCC Programs
- Overview of Talk - HPCC
- %What is NPAC?
- %HPCC
- !A Perspective
- !The HPCCI and NII, Grand and National Challenges
- %Technical Topics (Opportunities for Collaboration)
- !NPAC's Core Technologies and Computing Facilities
- !Computational Science and Research
- !Computer Science
- !Computational Science Education
- !InfoMall: Technology Transfer and Commercialization
- HPCC - Philosophy and Culture
- %What Is HPCC?
- %What Is It Used For?
- %Some History (Fox at Caltech/JPL)
- !Real software on real machines solving real problems"
- !Computational Science
- %The Federally Funded HPCC and NII Initiatives
- %Where Is It Going? (The Business Outlook)
- What Is HPCC?
- %What Is "High Performance"
- !Speed and Memory - Primary and Secondary
- !Multi- Purpose: Grand and National Challenges
- !Parallelism (and/or Distributed - NEW!)
- %All Computing Is Constantly Improving
- !High Performance Chips
- #Cycles per second
- #Instruction Sets, Pipelining, Superscalar (Multiple Instruction Issue)
- !Memory Hierarchies
- Performance of Supercomputer Class Computers
- Who Uses High Performance Computers?
- %High Energy Physics
- %Semiconductor Industry, VLSI Design
- %Graphics and Virtual Reality
- %Weather and Ocean Modeling
- %Visualization
- %Oil Industry
- %Automobile Industry
- %Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals Industry
- %Financial Applications
- %Business Applications
- %Airline Industry
- Some History
- %Before 1980: Illiac IV, ICL DAP, MPP
- !All SIMD
- !Cray 1 Introduced In 1976
- %Early 1980s: HEP, Cray X-MP/22, NYU UltraComputer (and IBM RP3)
- %1983: The Birth of the Hypercube:
- !The Caltech Cosmic Cube
- !Charles Seitz and Geoffrey Fox
- !The Caltech Concurrent Computation Program (C3P)
- Methodology for Computation
- The Caltech/JPL Hypercube
- %1983 - First 64-node Mark I Hypercube operational at CIT as collaboration between Seitz & Fox (CrOS)
- %1984 - JPL joins campus collaboration; designs and builds 32-node Mark II Hypercube
- %1985 -128-node Mark II operational
- !Mark III project begun in earnest
- !Three commercial Hypercubes on market
- %1986 - Mark III operational (~10x performance of Mark II)
- %1987 -Strategic Defense Initiative applications and simulations (Mercury and Centuar OS)
- !Weitek based > 10 megaflop/node daughter board added: Mark III fp
- %1988 -128-node > 1 gigaflop computer (Mark IIIfp)
- The Ten Pioneer Applications Within C3P
- Simulation (Emulation) of Large, Complex System of Systems
- A Strategic Defense Simulation
- Some More History
- %Mid-1980s: Sequent and Encore
- !Cost/performance better than 10 compared with VAX
- !Reliable hardware and software
- !Also the Alliant
- !Other Hypercubes: Intel, nCUBE, Ametek, Floating Point Systems
- %Late-1980s:
- !Meiko (T800), CM-2, MasPar
- !Then nCUBE-2 and iPSC/860
- %Early-1990s
- !Intel Touchstone Delta System, built for C3P (Fox)
- !The Intel Paragon, BBN TC2000, CM-5
- Overview of Talk: HPCCI, NII
- %What is NPAC?
- %HPCC
- !One Person's Perspective
- !The HPCCI and NIIGrand and National Challenges
- %Technical Topics (Opportunities)
- !NPAC's Core Technologies and Computing Facilities
- !Computational Science and Research
- !Computer Science
- !Computational Science Education
- !InfoMall: Technology Transfer and Commercialization
- The High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative
- %High Performance Computing Act of 1991
- HPCCI Goals
- %Computational performance of one trillion operations per second on a wide range of important applications
- %Development of associated system software, tools, and improved algorithms
- %A national research network capable of one billion bits per second
- %Sufficient production of PhDs in computational science and engineering
- The Blue Books
- Supplements to the President's Fiscal Year Budget
- %1992: Grand Challenges
- %1993: Grand Challenges
- %1994: Toward a National Information Infrastructure
- %1995:Technology for the National Information Infrastructure
- %1996:Foundation for America's Information Future
- http:/www.hpcc.gov/
- he Blue Book Covers
- Description of 1996 Cover Images
- %Top row left to right:
- !Members of team that broke the computing systems world speed record
- !Cryosection image from the Visible Human Male
- !Biological enzyme that is a candidate for applications outside of living systems
- %Middle row left to right:
- !Molecule modeled using parallelized molecular dynamics software
- !72-hour forecast made in August 1994 for Tropical Storm Gordon
- !High school students use the Internet to access other students' publications
- %Bottom row left to right:
- !A scientist uses virtual reality to explore the Earth's atmosphere
- !Remotely visualizing data from a high voltage electron microscope
- !A wafer containing multiple PIM (Processor-in Memory) chips
- %Background:
- !Detail from a cosmological simulation
- The 1996 Blue Book
- %High Performance Communications
- %High Performance Computing Systems
- %Advanced Software Technologies
- %Technologies for Information Infrastructure
- %High Performance Computing Research Facilities
- %Grand Challenge Applications
- %National Challenge Applications
- %Basic Research and Human Resources
- High Performance Communications
- %Internetworking R&D
- !Evolution of the Internet
- %Gigabit-Speed Networking
- %Wireless Technologies
- %Network Integrated Computing
- %Enhanced Internet Connectivity
- Gigabit Network Test Sites
- Magic
- ATD Net
- High Performance Computing Systems
- %Microsystems
- %Embedded Systems
- %Networks of Workstations (NOW)
- %Rapid Prototyping Facility
- %Specialized Very High Performance Architectures
- %Mass Storage
- Rapid Prototyping Facility
- %A wafer containing multiple PIM (Processor-in-Memory) chips, each with 128kb of memory and 64 processors. 0.25M of these process
Specialized Very High Performance Architectures
- Components of a prototype superconductive crossbar switch being developed at NSA. Data are transferred (via ribbon cable) from room temperature to cryogenic temperatures and back to room temperature at 2.5 Gb/s. A full 128-by-128 configuration is intended for use as a switch for massively parallel computer memory data transfers.
- Advanced Software Technologies
- %Software Systems
- %Scalable I/O
- %Programming Languages and Compilers
- %Computational Techniques
- %Performance Measurement
- Scalable I/O
- %Snapshot of the dynamic patterns of read behavior in a parallel version of software to calculate electron-molecule cross-section
Unstructured Mesh Computation With PUMAA3D
- %New techniques adaptively refine, de-refine, and partition meshes to accurately model rapidly changing solutions such as those t
Handling Irregular Data With CHAOS
- %Input molecule for the CHARMM molecular dynamics software that has been parallelized on multiple systems using the CHAOS runtime
Automated Instrumentation and Monitoring System (AIMS)
- Performance of a Toroidal Architecture
- %This hyperbolic scrollable display that maps the three-dimensional toroidal Cray Research T3D network onto the two-dimensional w
Vis5D
- %Application of Vis5D to EPA's Regional Acid Deposition Model shows transparent volume rendering of sulfur dioxide (the red fog)
Technologies for the National Information Infrastructure
- %Information Infrastructure services Technologies (HORUS, SLIDS, Adaptive Communications, TRAVLER, Wide-Area File System, FICUS, %World Wide Web (WWW) and NCSA Mosaic
- %Security and Privacy
- %Information Infrastructure Applications Technologies
- High Performance Computing Research Facilities
- %NSF Supercomputing Centers
- %NSF Science and Technology Centers
- %NASA Testbeds
- %DOE Laboratories
- %NIH Systems
- %NOAA Laboratories
- %EPA Systems
- NASA Testbeds
- Grand Challenge Applications
- %Applied Fluid Dynamics
- %Meso- to Macro-Scale Environmental Modeling
- %Ecosystem Simulations
- %Biomedical Imaging and Biomechanics
- %Molecular Biology
- %Molecular design and Process Optimization
- %Cognition
- %Fundamental Computational sciences
- %Grand-Challenge-Scale Applications
- Applied Fluid Dynamics
- %Computational Aeroscience
- %Coupled Field Problems and GAFD (Geophysical and Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics) Turbulence
- %Combustion Modeling: Adaptive Grid Methods
- %Oil Reservoir Modeling: Parallel Algorithms for Modeling Flow in Permeable Media
- %Numerical Tokamak Project (NTP)
- Computational Aeroscience
- %Analysis to define the flow physics involved in compressor stall. It suggested a variety of approaches to improve the performanc
Coupled Field Problems and GAFD Turbulence
- %An image from a video illustrating the flutter analysis of a FALCON jet under a sequence of transonic speed maneuvers. Areas of
Combustion Modeling: Adaptive Grid Methods
- %Fuel flow around the stagnation plate in a pulse combustor. A burning cycle drives a resonant pressure wave, which in turn enhan
Numerical Tokamak Project
- %Particle trajectories and electrostatic potentials from a three- dimensional implicit tokamak plasma simulation employing adapti
Meso- to Macro-Scale Environmental Modeling
- %Massively Parallel Atmospheric Modeling Projects
- %Parallel Ocean Modeling
- %Mathematical Modeling of Air Pollution Dynamics
- %A Distributed Computational System for Large Scale Environmental Modeling
- %Cross-Media (Air and Water) Linkage
- %Adaptive Coordination of Predictive Models with Experimental Data
- %Global Climate Modeling
- %Four-Dimensional Data Assimilation for Massive Earth System Data Analysis
- Mathematical Modeling of Air Pollution Dynamics
- %Ozone concentrations for the California South Coast Air Basin predicted by the Caltech research model show a large region in whi
Distributed Computational System for Large Scale Environmental Modeling
- %Ozone concentrations for the California South Coast Air Basin predicted by the Caltech research model show a large region in whi
Cross-Media (Air and Water) Linkage
- %(1) Dissolved oxygen in Chesapeake Bay, (2) nitrate loading in the Potomac Basin, and (3) atmospheric nitric acid and wet deposi
Global Climate Modeling
- %The colored plane floating above the block represents the simulated atmospheric temperature change at the earth's surface, assum
4-D Data Assimilation
- %A scientist uses NASA's virtual reality modeling resources to explore the Earth's atmosphere as part of the Earth and Space Scie
Eco Simulations
- %Environmental Chemistry
- %Groundwater Transport and Remediation
- %Earthquake Ground Motion Modeling in Large Basins: The Quake Project
- %High Performance Computing for Land Cover Dynamics
- %Massively Parallel Simulations of Large-Scale, High-Resolution Ecosystme Models
- Environmental Chemistry
- %The 38-atom carbonate system on the left illustrates the most advanced modeling capability at the beginning of the HPCC Program;
The Quake Project
- %The upper image shows a computational model of a valley that has been automatically partitioned for solution on a parallel compu
Land Cover Dynamics
- %This figure encodes the proportions of desert, grass, and forest within each pixel of a satellite image using color mixing. The
The Underlying Bathymetry of San Diego Bay
- Biomedical Imaging and Biomechanics
- %Visible Human Project
- %Reconstruction of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Images
- %Image Processing of Electron Micrographs
- %Understanding Human Joint Mechanisms
- Cryosectional image from the Visible Human Male
- Image Processing of Electron Micrograph
- %Three-dimensional reconstruction of large icosahedral viruses. Shown are images of herpes simplex virus type 1 capsids, which il
Molecular Biology
- %Protein and Nucleic Sequence Analysis
- %Protein Folding Prediction
- %Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Structure Predition
- Molecular Design
- %Biological Applications of Quantum Chemistry
- %Biomolecular Design
- %Biomolecular Modeling and Structure Determination
- %Computational Structural Biology
- %Biological Methods for Enzyme Catalysis
- Biomolecular Design
- %Electrostatic field, shown in yellow, of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme. The known active site is shown in blue; the second 'ba
Biomolecular Modeling and Structure Determination
- %A portion of the Glucocorticoid Receptor bound to DNA; the receptor helps to regulate expression of the genetic code.
- Computational Structural Biology
- %The upper figure shows the known structure of the protein crambin from the Brookhaven Protein Data Base (PDB), and the lower fig
Computational Methods for Enzyme Catlysis
- %Graphical representation of the bovine pancreatic ribonuclease enzyme. Many high-resolution X-ray structures are available for t
Cognition
- %HPC for Learning
- %A New View of Cognition
- HPC For Learning
- %The central image is the original camera shot and the surrounding images were generated from the original using image synthesis
Fundamental Computaitonal Sciences
- %Quantum Chromodynamics
- %High Capacity Atomic-Level Simulations for the Design of Materials
- %First Principals Simulation of Materials Properties
- %Black Hole Binaries: Coalescence and Gravitational Radiation
- %Scalable Hierarchical Particle Algorithms for Galzy Formation and Accretion Astrophysics
- %Radio Synthesis Imaging
- %Large Scale Structure and Galaxy Formation
- First Principal Simulation of Materials Properties
- Galaxy Formation Models
- Large Scale Structure and Galaxy Formation
- %Simulation of gravitational clustering of dark matter. This detail shows one sixth of the volume computed in a cosmological simu
Grand-Challenge-Scale Applications
- %Simulation of Chorismate Mutase
- %Simulation of Antibody-Antigen Association
- %A Realistic Ocean Model
- %Drag Control
- %The Impact of Turbulence on Weather/Climate Prediction
- %Shoemaker-Levy 9 Collision with Jupiter
- %Vortex structure and Dynamics in Superconductors
- %Molecular Dynamics Modeling
- %Crash Simulation
- %Advanced Simulation of Chemically Reacting Flows
- Simulation of Chorismate Mutase Showing Lines of Electrostatic Force
- Simulation of Antibody-Antigen Association
- %The complex between the fragment of a monoclonal antibody, HyHEL- 5, and hen-egg lysozyme. The key amino acid residues involved
A Realistic Ocean Model
- %Simulation of circulation in the North Atlantic. Color shows temperature, red corresponding to high temperature. In most prior m
Drag Control
- %Simulations on SDSC's Intel Paragon of turbulence over surfaces mounted with streamwise riblets. Computed turbulence intensities
Impact of Turbulence on Weather/Climate Prediction
- %This image is a single frame from a volume visualization rendered from a computer model of turbulent fluid flow. The color masse
Shoemaker-Levy 9 Collision with Jupiter
- %Impact of the comet fragment. Image height corresponds to 1,000 kilometers. Color represents temperature, ranging from tens of t
Vortex Structure and Dynamics in Superconductors
- %Early stages in the formation of a magnetic flux vortex. The figure shows the penetration of a magnetic field into a thin strip
Molecular Dynamics Modeling
- %MD simulation of a crystal block of 5 million silicon atoms as 11 silicon atoms implanted, each with an energy of 15keV. The sim
Advanced Simulation of Crash Simulation
- %Illustrative of the computing power at the Center for Computational Science is the 50 percent offset crash of two Ford Taurus ca
Advanced Simulation of Chemically Reacting Flows
- %View of fluid streamlines and the center plane temperature distribution in a vertical disk, chemical vapor deposition reactor. S
Convective Turbulence and Mixing in Astrophysics
- %NASA simulation of temperature fluctuations (dark: cool; light: hot) in a layer of convectively unstable gas (upper half) overly
National Challenge Applications
- %Digital Libraries
- %Public Access to Government Information
- %Electronic Commerce
- %Civil Infrastructure
- %Education and Lifelong Learning
- %Energy Management
- %Environmental Monitoring
- %Health Care
- %Maunfacturing Processes and Products
- Digital Libraries
- %Joint Digital Libraries rresearch Initiative
- %Digital Library Technology Products
- %Satellite Weather data Dissemination
- %Environmental Decision Support
- %Computer Science Technical reports Testbeds
- %Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)
- %CALS Library
- Public Access to Government Data
- %Earth Data
- %Education
- %Health Care Data
- Electronic Commerce
- Health Care
- %Computer-Based Patient Records (CBPR)
- %Radiation Treatment Planning
- %Functional Neurological Image Analysis
- %Project Hippocrates: HIgh PerfOrmance Computing for Robot- AssisTEd Surgery
- %Protootypes for Clinic-Based Collaboration
- %Trusted Interoperation of Health Care information Systems
- %Collaboratory for Microscpoic Digital Anatomy (CMDA)
- %Distributed Imaging Over Gigabit Networks
- Computer-Based Medical Records -1
- Computer-based Medical Records-2
- Radiation Treatment Planning
- %A source image slice with a beam placed and some contours drawn. The contours denote regions of different density and are subseq
Functional Neurological Image Analysis
- %Single slices of MRI scans of two normal children of different ages. The leftmost scan is warped to have the form of the middle
Collaboratory for Microscopic Digital Anatomy (CMDA)
- %This Gridbrowser interface shows (1) a low magnification survey with gridlines identifying the source of the higher magnificatio
Manufacturing Processes and Products
- %An example of the types of user interfaces required to visualize data on manufacturing activities in a production facility. A pr
HPCC: The Business Outlook
- %Observations:
- !At beginning extremely smart people worked most difficult problems
- !Interdisciplinary approach required, teamwork
- %HPCCI agencies introduced agendas
- %NII crept up on HPC
- %WWW took everything by storm
- %HPCC program may now be unmanagable, future of "high end" is uncertain
- %Software tools: always the critical issue
- Overview of Talk: Technical Topics
- %What is NPAC?
- %HPCC
- !One Person's Perspective
- !The HPCCI and NII, Grand and National Challenges
- %Technical Topics (Opportunities for Collaboration)
- !NPAC's Core Technologies and Computing Facilities
- !Computational Science and Research
- !Computer Science
- !Computational Science Education
- !InfoMall: Technology Transfer and Commercialization