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n,c,d are 512 bits; p,q are 256 bits; e could be small (3 or 65537); m must be less than or equal to bit length of n
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lengths are doubled in recent implementations
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As encoding is time consuming, we only use RSA for small messages anyway. However as in secret key methods, one must in general break longer messages into smaller sizes
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Deployed schemes use secret key methods (with key exchanged using public key method) for large amounts of data (see discussion of SET)
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PKCS (Public Key Encryption Standard) is a standard from RSA for encoding the information to be signed or encrypted through RSA. It incorporates "know-how" to make RSA work reliably.
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Diffie-Hellman, El Gamal and DSS (Digital Signature Standard) are RSA like approaches aimed at digital signatures
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