\font\sixteenb=psmtimb at 16pt
\font\tencm=pscou at 10pt
\font\ninecm=pscou at 9pt
\font\eightcm=pscou at 8pt
\font\sevencm=pscou at 7pt

\tolerance=50

%PAGE DEPTH
\vsize=588pt

%PAGE WIDTH
\hsize=360pt

%TO SET THE BASIC POINT SIZE 
\tenrm

%TO SET THE LEADING TO GIVE DOUBLE SPACED TEXT
\baselineskip=24pt

%FIRST PAGE RUNNING HEADLINE DETAILS
\def\fprh#1#2#3#4{\setbox5=%
                  \hbox{\ninerm\baselineskip=10pt%
                   CONCURRENCY: PRACTICE AND EXPERIENCE, VOL. #1(#2), #3 (#4)}}

%SET SPACE BETWEEN RULE IN HEADLINE AND FIRST LINE OF TEXT
\topskip=36pt

%ARTICLE TITLE
\def\art#1#2{{\sixteenb\baselineskip=18pt\raggedright
           \vglue-21pt{\noindent#1}\vskip13pt}
           \setbox4=\hbox{\eightrm#2}}

%AUTHORS NAME
\def\auth#1#2{{\eightrm\baselineskip=9pt
            {\noindent#1\hfil}\vskip3pt}
            \setbox3=\hbox{\eightrm#2}}

\def\authtwo#1{{\eightrm\baselineskip=9pt
            {\noindent#1\hfil}\vskip3pt}}

\let\xpar=\par
%ADDRESS LINE 1
\def\adone#1{{\eightit\baselineskip=9pt
            \noindent#1\hfil\xpar}}

%ADDRESS LINE 2
\def\adtw#1{{\eightit\baselineskip=9pt
            \noindent#1\hfil\xpar}}

%ADDRESS LINE 3
\def\adth#1{{\eightit\baselineskip=9pt
            \noindent#1\hfil\xpar}}

%ADDRESS LINE 4
\def\adfo#1{{\eightit\baselineskip=9pt
            \noindent#1\hfil\xpar}}

%ADDRESS LINE 5
\def\adfi#1{{\eightit\baselineskip=9pt
            \noindent#1\hfil\xpar}}

%END OF aDDRESS
\def\aend{\vskip13pt\hrule\vskip30pt}

%SUMMARY OF ARTICLE
\long\def\summ#1{{\nineb\baselineskip=10pt
            \noindent SUMMARY\vskip2pt\noindent#1\xpar}}

%These are utilised by some heading macros in individual macro files - do not remove!!!
%They are used to set numbered headings with an enspace before details and
%to give an indented second line
\def\widesaq#1{\setbox0=\hbox{#1\enspace}\parindent=\wd0\hangindent=\parindent}
\def\saq{\par\hang\newtextindent}
\def\newtextindent#1{\indent\hskip-\wd0{#1\enspace}
    \par\vskip-\baselineskip
    \parindent=\wd0\hangindent=\parindent\ignorespaces}


%KEY WORDS
\def\key#1{\vskip12pt{\eightrm\baselineskip=10pt
            {\widesaq{KEY WORDS\quad}\saq{KEY WORDS}{#1\xpar}}}}

%***************************************
%USE \head*no for all numbered headings
%***************************************
%HEADING LEVEL A --- CAPS
\def\heada#1{{\vskip18pt\tenb\baselineskip=12pt
             \noindent\uppercase{#1}\vskip6pt}\nobreak\noindent\ignorespaces}

\def\headano#1#2{\vskip18pt{\tenbf\baselineskip=12pt
                {\widesaq{#1}
                \saq{#1} {\uppercase{#2}\xpar}}}
                \vskip6pt\nobreak\noindent\ignorespaces}

%HEADING LEVEL B
\def\headb#1{{\vskip18pt\tenbf\baselineskip=12pt
            \noindent #1\vskip6pt}\nobreak\noindent\ignorespaces}

\def\headbno#1#2{\vskip18pt{\tenbf\baselineskip=12pt
                {\widesaq{#1}
                \saq{#1} {#2\xpar}}}
                \vskip6pt\nobreak\noindent\ignorespaces}

%HEADING LEVEL B FOLLOWING A HEADING
\def\headba#1{{\vskip6pt\tenbf\baselineskip=12pt
            \noindent #1\vskip6pt}\nobreak\noindent\ignorespaces}

\def\headbano#1#2{\vskip6pt{\tenbf\baselineskip=12pt
                {\widesaq{#1}
                \saq{#1} {#2\xpar}}}
                \vskip6pt\nobreak\noindent\ignorespaces}

%HEADING LEVEL C
\def\headc#1{{\vskip18pt\tenit\baselineskip=12pt
            \noindent #1\vskip6pt}\nobreak\noindent\ignorespaces}

\def\headcno#1#2{\vskip18pt{\tenit\baselineskip=12pt
                {\widesaq{#1}
                \saq{#1} {#2\xpar}}}
                \vskip6pt\nobreak\noindent\ignorespaces}

%HEADING LEVEL C FOLLOWING B HEADING
\def\headcb#1{{\vskip6pt\tenit\baselineskip=12pt
            \noindent #1\vskip6pt}\nobreak\noindent\ignorespaces}

\def\headcbno#1#2{\vskip6pt{\tenit\baselineskip=12pt
                {\widesaq{#1}
                \saq{#1} {#2\xpar}}}
                \vskip6pt\nobreak\noindent\ignorespaces}

\def\headctab#1{{\vskip3pt\tenit\baselineskip=12pt
            \noindent #1\vskip6pt}\nobreak\noindent\ignorespaces}

%ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
\def\ack{{\vskip18pt\tenrm\baselineskip=12pt
             \noindent ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS\vskip6pt}\nobreak\noindent\ignorespaces}

%REFERENCES
\def\refs{{\vskip18pt\tenrm\baselineskip=12pt
             \noindent REFERENCES\vskip8pt}\ninerm\baselineskip=10pt}

%CONTROLS ALIGNMENT OF REFERENCES
%WREF   ****check layout for multiple digits
\def\wref#1{\setbox0=\hbox{#1\enspace}\parindent=\wd0\hangindent=\parindent}
\def\ref{\par\hang\reftext}
\def\reftext#1{\noindent\hskip\wd0\llap{#1\enspace}
    \par\vskip-\parskip\vskip-\baselineskip
    \parindent=\wd0\hangindent=\parindent\ignorespaces}

%PARAGRAPHS---SPACE BETWEEN
%To ensure no additional space is placed between paragraphs set \parskip at 0pt
\parskip=0pt

%PARAGRAPH INDENTATION
%When in 10/12pt the indentation should be set to 10pt. When in 9/10pt the
%indentation should be set to 9pt.
\parindent=10pt

%HANGINDENT
%This sets the hanging indentation level.
\hangindent=10pt

%FOOTNOTES
%This is how the footnote is defined and what it uses to
%set the footnote
\def\footnote#1{\insert\footins\bgroup
  \eightrm\baselineskip=9pt
  \setbox\strutbox=\hbox{\vrule height5.5pt depth1.5pt width0pt}
  \interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty
  \splittopskip\ht\strutbox % top baseline for broken footnotes
  \splitmaxdepth\dp\strutbox \floatingpenalty2000
  \leftskip0pt \rightskip0pt
  \noindent\hbox to \parindent{#1\hss}\ignorespaces\hangindent\parindent
  \footstrut\futurelet\next\foat}
\def\foat{\ifcat\bgroup\noexpand\next \let\next\faat
  \else\let\next\fat\fi \next}
\def\faat{\bgroup\aftergroup\afoot\let\next}
\def\fat#1{#1\afoot}
\def\afoot{\strut\egroup}
\skip\footins=9pt

%Footnotes will be automatically set in 8/9pt and should be coded
%as follows:
%Text within the paragraph {$^1$}\footnote {$^1$}{Data to be set as footnote.}

%WIDEITEM
\def\wideitem#1{\setbox0=\hbox{#1\enspace}\parindent=\wd0\hangindent=\parindent}

%QUOTATION INDENTED 1em EACH SIDE SET IN 9/10pt
\def\quotea#1{{\narrower\ninerm\baselineskip=10pt\noindent{#1}\xpar}}

%QUOTATION INDENTED 2em EACH SIDE SET IN 9/10pt
\def\quoteb#1{{\narrower\narrower\ninerm\baselineskip=10pt
               \noindent{#1}\xpar}}

%QUOTATION INDENTED 1em EACH SIDE SET IN GENERAL TEXT TYPESIZE
\def\quotec#1{{\narrower\noindent{#1}\xpar}}

%QUOTATION INDENTED 2em EACH SIDE SET IN GENERAL TEXT TYPESIZE
\def\quoted#1{{\narrower\narrower\noindent{#1}\xpar}}

%FIGURE CAPTION MACROS TO SET SPACE FOR CAPTION, COMMENT IN THE SPACE
%AND THE CAPTION ITSELF
%ADD WIDTH AND DEPTH OF FIGURE IN ADDITION TO THE NORMAL CODING

%MEASUREMENTS IN POINTS
%To set caption which is one line only
\def\figspone#1#2#3#4{\vskip12pt
                      {\nineit\baselineskip=10pt  
                      \vbox to #4pc{\line{\hfill\hbox to #3pc{\hrulefill}\hfill}
                      \vfill
                      \centerline{\nineb ************************}
                      \centerline{\nineb INSERT #1 HERE}
                      \centerline{\nineb*************************}
                      \vfill
                      \line{\hfill\hbox to #3pc{\hrulefill}\hfill}}
                      \vskip12pt
                      \centerline{{\nineit #1}\quad{\nineit #2}}}}

\def\figone#1#2{{\nineit\baselineskip=10pt  
               \centerline{{#1}\quad{#2}}}}

%To set caption which is more than one line
\def\figsp#1#2#3#4{\vskip12pt                 
                   {\nineit\baselineskip=10pt  
                   \vbox to #4pc{\line{\hfill\hbox to #3pc{\hrulefill}\hfill}
                   \vfill
                      \centerline{\nineb ************************}
                      \centerline{\nineb INSERT #1 HERE}
                      \centerline{\nineb*************************}
                   \vfill
                   \line{\hfill\hbox to #3pc{\hrulefill}\hfill}}
                   \vskip12pt
                   {\noindent #1} {#2\xpar}}}

%To set caption which is more than one line with last line centred
\def\figspcen#1#2#3#4#5{\vskip12pt
                        {\nineit\baselineskip=10pt  
                        \vbox to #5pc{\line{\hfill\hbox to #4pc{\hrulefill}\hfill}
                        \vfill
                      \centerline{\nineb ************************}
                      \centerline{\nineb INSERT #1 HERE}
                      \centerline{\nineb*************************}
                        \vfill
                        \line{\hfill\hbox to #4pc{\hrulefill}\hfill}}
                        \vskip12pt
                        {\noindent #1} {#2\break}
                        \vskip-10pt
                        \centerline{#3}}}

%To set caption which is two lines each of which must be centred
\def\figspcentwo#1#2#3#4#5{\vskip12pt
                           {\nineit\baselineskip=10pt  
                           \vbox to #5pc{\line{\hfill\hbox to #4pc{\hrulefill}\hfill}
                           \vfill
                      \centerline{\nineb ************************}
                      \centerline{\nineb INSERT #1 HERE}
                      \centerline{\nineb*************************}
                           \vfill
                           \line{\hfill\hbox to #4pc{\hrulefill}\hfill}}
                           \vskip12pt
                           \centerline{{#1} {#2}}
                           \centerline{#3}}}

%USE THIS TO SET SPACE FOR AN INSERT WHICH HAS NO CAPTION
%This will set space for an insert
\def\inssp#1#2#3{\vglue12pt
                   \vbox to #3pc{\line{\hfill\hbox to #2pc{\hrulefill}\hfill}
                   \vfill
                      \centerline{\nineb ************************}
                      \centerline{\nineb INSERT #1 HERE}
                      \centerline{\nineb*************************}
                   \vfill
                   \line{\hfill\hbox to #2pc{\hrulefill}\hfill}}}


%TABLE CAPTIONS
%To set caption which is one line only
\def\tabone#1{{\ninerm\baselineskip=10pt
              \centerline{#1}}}

%To set caption which is more than one line
\def\tab#1{{\ninerm\baselineskip=10pt{\noindent #1\xpar}}}

%To set caption which is more than one line with last line centred
\def\tabcen#1#2{{\ninerm\baselineskip=10pt     
             \vbox{\noindent#1\break}\vskip-10pt
             \centerline{#2}
             \tenrm\baselineskip=12pt
             \parindent=12pt}}

% to set two line table caption with both lines centred
\def\centab#1#2{{\ninerm\baselineskip=10pt
             \centerline{#1}
             \centerline{#2}}}

%TABLE RULES
\def\tabrulel{\noalign{\hrule height 3pt depth-2.75pt}}
\def\tabrule{\noalign{\hrule}}
\def\tabrulet{\noalign{\hrule height 3pt depth-2.5pt}}
\def\hlfill{\leaders\vrule height 5pt depth-4.75pt\hfill}

%TABLE FOOTNOTE IN 8/9PT
\def\tabnote{\eightrm\baselineskip=9pt}
            
%END OF FIRST PAGE SHOWING ISSN, DATE RECEIVED, COPYRIGHT, AND DATE REVISED
%THIS IS A COPY OF THE FOOTNOTE MACRO FOR USE ON THE FIRST PAGE ONLY
\def\coden#1{\insert\footins\bgroup
  \eightit\baselineskip=9pt
  \setbox\strutbox=\hbox{\vrule height2.5pt width0pt}
  \interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty
  \splittopskip\ht\strutbox % top baseline for broken footnotes
  \splitmaxdepth\dp\strutbox \floatingpenalty2000
  \leftskip0pt \rightskip0pt
  \noindent\hbox to \parindent{#1\hss}\ignorespaces
  \footstrut\futurelet\next\foat}
\def\foat{\ifcat\bgroup\noexpand\next \let\next\faat
  \else\let\next\fat\fi \next}
\def\faat{\bgroup\aftergroup\afoot\let\next}
\def\fat#1{#1\afoot}
\def\afoot{\strut\egroup}
\skip\footins=12pt

%NEW MACROS ADDED TO INCREMENT FOOTNOTE NUMBER SEQUENTIALLY
\newcount\ftno
\def\clearftno{\ftno=0}
\def\note{\advance\ftno by 1
          $^{\the\ftno}$
          \footnote{${^\the\ftno}$}}
\clearftno

%THIS REDEFINES THE FOOTNOTE RULE FOR USE ON THE FIRST PAGE. 
%IF FOOTNOTES ARE REQUIRED WITHIN AN ARTICLE AND THE LINE REQUIRED 
%IN THIS SITUATION IS DIFFERENT IT WILL NEED TO BE REDEFINED WITHIN THE 
%FILE AFTER THE FIRST PAGE HAS BEEN COMPOSED
\def\footnoterule{\vbox{\vrule height 3pt width 0pt\kern-3pt\hrule width 360pt depth-2pt height3pt\kern2.6pt
                  \vrule height1pt depth1.5pt width0pt}}


%TO SET BLACK BOX FOR MISSING PAGE REFERENCES
\def\mn{\setbox0=\hbox{3}{\vrule height5pt depth -1pt width\wd0}}

%SUPPRESS VARIABLE SPACING ABOVE AND BELOW DISPLAY DATA
\abovedisplayskip=0pt    
\abovedisplayshortskip=0pt
\belowdisplayskip=0pt   
\belowdisplayshortskip=0pt
\smallskipamount=0pt 
\medskipamount=0pt    
\bigskipamount=0pt  

%EXTRACT/QUOTATIONS
\long\def\quote#1{{\ninerm\baselineskip=10pt\narrower\narrower
\vskip6pt\noindent #1\xpar}}

%REDEFINED FOR USE IN FOOTNOTES AND TABLE FOOTNOTES
%SUPERIOR
%\def\sspm#1{{\sixrm\lower.4ex\hbox{\hskip.1pt#1}}}
\def\sspi#1{{\sixrm\lower.4ex\hbox{\hskip.1pt#1}}}

\def\noteq{\vbox{\overfullrule=0pt\hbox{\hbox to 0pt{\tt\char'075}\tt\char'057}}\relax}
%\let\ne=\noteq
%\let\neq=\noteq

\overfullrule=0pt

