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bridging - techniques for interconnecting two LAN segments that utilize the same LLC (Logical Link Control) procedures but may use the same or different MAC (Media Access Control) procedures
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forwarding - the process of sending a frame toward its ultimate destination by an internetworking device
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routing - the process of finding a path to the destination host.
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switching - switching and routing are complimentary technologies. Switching is known for simplicity and performance; Routing is known for manageability and control
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