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\samepage \begin{table}\begin{itemize}
\item{\em Synchronous:\ Data Parallel}\ Tightly coupled and software
needs to exploit features of problem structure to get good performance.
Comparatively easy as different data elements are essentially identical.
\item{\em Loosely Synchronous:\ }As above but data elements are not
identical.  Still parallelizes due to macroscopic time synchronization.
\item{\em Asynchronous:\ }Functional (or data) parallelism that is
irregular in space and time.  Often loosely coupled and so need not
worry about optimal decompositions to minimize communication.  Hard to
parallelize (massively) unless $\ldots$
\item{\em Embarrassingly Parallel:\ }Independent execution of
disconnected components.
\item{\em A=LS:\ (Loosely Synchronous Complex)}\ Asynchronous collection
of (loosely) synchronous components where these programs themselves can
be parallelized.
\end{itemize}

\end{table}
}

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\samepage \begin{equation}S = \frac{N}{(1+f_c)}
\end{equation}
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\samepage \begin{equation}f_c \propto \frac{1}{n^{1-1/d}}\ \frac{t_{\rm comm}}{t_{\rm calc}}
\end{equation}
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{\newpage
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\samepage \begin{table*}\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{cccccc}
Numerical   & $\rightarrow$ & Virtual  & $\rightarrow$ & Real       & \\ 
Formulation & ``compiler''  & Machine  & Machine       & (Parallel) &
\hspace{3em} (3) \\ 
of Problem  &               & (Virtual & Specific      & Computer   & \\ 
            &               & Problem) & ``assembler'' &            & \\ 
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table*}
}

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\samepage \begin{table}\begin{tabular}{|ll|}
\hline
\multicolumn{1}{|l}{\em Problem Class}&\multicolumn{1}{l|}{\em Machine
Architecture} \\ 
\hline
{\rule{0cm}{4.0ex}}
Synchronous&SIMD, MIMD \\ 
& \\ 
Loosely Synchronous&MIMD \\ 
& \\ 
Asynchronous&unclear \\ 
& \\ 
Loosely Synchronous&Heterogeneous network \\ 
Complex (A=LS)&of SIMD and MIMD \\ 
& machines \\ 
& \\ 
Embarrassingly Parallel&Network of \\ 
&workstations \\ 
&SIMD, MIMD \\ 
\hline
\end{tabular}

\end{table}
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\samepage \begin{table*}\vspace*{6.25in}

\end{table*}
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