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CPS615 - Overview of Computer Architectures

Given by Geoffrey C. Fox at CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science on Fall Semester 97. Foils prepared 19 September 1997

We describe the simple nature of parallel machines like the nCUBE2
Technologies include conventional, superconducting and Quantum systems but the former dominates
Sequential architectures are dominated by memory (cache) issues
Vector, SIMD MIMD are classic architectures
There is a growing interest in distributed metacomputers
Special purpose machines are typically not so successful
The details of networks is not as important as it used to be!


This mixed presentation uses parts of the following base foilsets which can also be looked at on their own!
Master Set of Foils for 1997 Session of CPS615
Master Set A of Overview Material on Parallel Computing for CPS615 Foils
Master Set of Foils for 1996 Session of CPS615
PetaFlop(JNAC) Overview Presentations -- Results of Studies and Next Steps Sep 19,96
Variety of Foils Used Starting January 97
Miscellaneous Presentation Material used in 1996
Master Foils for A Short Overview of HPCC -- From GigaFlops to PetaFlops and From Tightly Coupled MPP's to the World Wide Web
Processing-In-Memory (PIM) Architectures for Very High Performance MPP Computing
Master Set B of Overview Material on Parallel Computing for CPS615 Foils
Title and Abstract of FakeFoilset

Table of Contents for CPS615 - Overview of Computer Architectures

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A Brief Discussion of Computer Architectures
1 Introduction to Computer Architectures CPS615 Fall Semester 97
2 Abstract of CPS615 Architecture Discussion
3 Single nCUBE2 CPU Chip
4 64 Node nCUBE Board

Technologies of Relevance
5 Technologies for High Performance Computers
6 Architectures for High Performance Computers - I
7 Architectures for High Performance Computers - II
8 There is no Best Machine!
9 Quantum Computing - I
10 Quantum Computing - II
11 Quantum Computing - III
12 Superconducting Technology -- Past
13 Superconducting Technology -- Present
14 Superconducting Technology -- Problems

Summer 97 Technology Updates!
15 Ames Summer 97 Workshop on Device Technology -- Moore's Law - I
16 Ames Summer 97 Workshop on Device Technology -- Moore's Law - II
17 Ames Summer 97 Workshop on Device Technology -- Alternate Technologies I
18 Ames Summer 97 Workshop on Device Technology -- Alternate Technologies II
19 Ames Summer 97 Workshop on Device Technology -- New Logic Concepts
20 Ames Summer 97 Workshop on Device Technology -- RSFQ
21 Ames Summer 97 Workshop on Device Technology -- QCA -I
22 Ames Summer 97 Workshop on Device Technology -- QCA -II

Architecture Overview and Sequential
23 Sequential Memory Structure
24 Architecture Classes of High Performance Computers
25 von Neuman Architecture in a Nutshell
26 Illustration of Importance of Cache

Vector Architecture
27 Vector Supercomputers in a Nutshell - I
28 Vector Supercomputing in a picture
29 Vector Supercomputers in a Nutshell - II

General Pipelining Issues
30 What is a Pipeline -- Cafeteria Analogy?
31 Instruction Flow in A Simple Machine Pipeline
32 Example of MIPS R4000 Floating Point
33 MIPS R4000 Floating Point Stages

General Parallel Architectures
34 Flynn's Classification of HPC Systems

Parallel Memory Structure
35 Parallel Computer Architecture Memory Structure
36 Comparison of Memory Access Strategies
37 Types of Parallel Memory Architectures -- Physical Characteristics
38 Diagrams of Shared and Distributed Memories

Parallel Control Structure
39 Parallel Computer Architecture Control Structure

MIMD Architectures
40 Some Major Hardware Architectures - MIMD
41 MIMD Distributed Memory Architecture
42 Cache Coherent or Not?
43 Choices in Cache Coherence

SIMD Architectures
44 Some Major Hardware Architectures - SIMD
45 SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) Architecture

Metacomputers
46 Some Major Hardware Architectures - Mixed
47 Some MetaComputer Systems

Special Purpose Devices
48 Comments on Special Purpose Devices
49 The GRAPE N-Body Machine
50 Why isn't GRAPE a Perfect Solution?

Granularity
51 Granularity of Parallel Components - I
52 Granularity of Parallel Components - II

Application Motivation for PetaFlops

53 III. Key drivers: The Need for PetaFLOPS Computing
54 10 Possible PetaFlop Applications
55 Petaflop Performance for Flow in Porous Media?
56 Target Flow in Porous Media Problem (Glimm - Petaflop Workshop)
57 NASA's Projection of Memory and Computational Requirements upto Petaflops for Aerospace Applications

The 3 classes of PetaFlop Designs

58 Supercomputer Architectures in Years 2005-2010 -- I
59 Supercomputer Architectures in Years 2005-2010 -- II
60 Supercomputer Architectures in Years 2005-2010 -- III
61 Performance Per Transistor
62 Comparison of Supercomputer Architectures

The Processor in Memory Design

63 Current PIM Chips
64 New "Strawman" PIM Processing Node Macro
65 "Strawman" Chip Floorplan
66 SIA-Based PIM Chip Projections

Parallel Computer Networks
67 Classes of Communication Networks
68 Switch and Bus based Architectures
69 Examples of Interconnection Topologies
70 Useful Concepts in Communication Systems

Network and Computer Performance
71 Latency and Bandwidth of a Network
72 Transfer Time in Microseconds for both Shared Memory Operations and Explicit Message Passing
73 Latency/Bandwidth Space for 0-byte message(Latency) and 1 MB message(bandwidth).
74 Communication Performance of Some MPP's
75 Implication of Hardware Performance
76 Netlib Benchweb Benchmarks
77 Linpack Benchmarks
78 Java Linpack Benchmarks

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