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3)Green's Function Approach to simple Partial Differential equations gives solutions as integrals of known Green's functions times "source" or "boundary" terms.
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For the simulation of earthquakes in GEM project the source terms are strains in faults and the stresses in any fault segment are the integral over strains in all other segments
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Compared to particle dynamics, Force law replaced by Green's function but in each case total stress/Force is sum over contributions associated with other entities in formulation
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4)In the so called vortex method in CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) one models the Navier Stokes Equation as the long interactions between entities which are the vortices
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5)Chemistry (see foil 7) uses molecular dynamics and so particles are molecules but force is not Newton's laws usually but rather Van der Waals forces which are long range but fall off faster than 1/r2
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