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One interesting possibility for a future logic system is "quantum dot cellular automata", abbreviated QCA.
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Wolfgang Porod of the University of Notre Dame gave a talk on these devices at Ames workshop. His group has proposed configurations of cells, each of which is a collection of five electron sites arranged in an X, with two free electrons within the cell.
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According to their studies, configurations of these cells can propagate signals, invert signals, form majority vote logic, and thus can be formed to produce practical devices.
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The devices are semi-classical, semi-quantum, in that interactions within a cell can involve quantum tunneling, but interactions between cells involve only classical electromagnetic effects.
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