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Variables may be used in Regular expressions and are interpolated as in usual double quoted strings. Use \$ to represent a real dollar except at end of string when it safely represents end of string anchor.
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In match /regexp/i , the i instructs one to ignore case in match
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In substitution s/regexp1/regexp2/g, the g instructs substitution to occur at all possible places in string -- normally only the first match in a string is found
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i and g can be used together
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$line =~ s/regexp1/regexp2/ ; # Illustrates how we use substitution s on general variable
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As with m, s can use any delimiter and so
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$line =~ s#regexp1#regexp2# ; # is equivalent form
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