Abstract * Foil Index for this file
See also color IMAGE
Given by Geoffrey Fox at CPS616 Basic Information Track for Computational Science on Winter-Spring Semester 96. Foils prepared 22 January 1996
Abstract * Foil Index for this file
See also color IMAGE
| This overviews five broad services areas |
| WebTop Productivity Systems illustrated by WebFoil |
| InfoVision - or INFOrmation, VIdeo, Simulation, Imagery ON demand |
| Commerce including Security and Authentication technologies |
| Collaboration where many major commercial systems are currently outside the Web but this will change |
| MetaComputing or WebWork |
This table of Contents
Abstract
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| Instructor: Geoffrey Fox |
| teamed with Wojtek Furmanski, Nancy McCracken |
| Syracuse University |
| 111 College Place |
| Syracuse |
| New York 13244-4100 |
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| This overviews five broad services areas |
| WebTop Productivity Systems illustrated by WebFoil |
| InfoVision - or INFOrmation, VIdeo, Simulation, Imagery ON demand |
| Commerce including Security and Authentication technologies |
| Collaboration where many major commercial systems are currently outside the Web but this will change |
| MetaComputing or WebWork |
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Application Specific NII Specific Services for
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Desktop Publishing and Productivity Tools in WebWindows (WebTop Productivity/Publishing)
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InfoVision: Delivery on Demand of Information from:
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| Commerce -- digital Cash and signatures with appropriate authentication and security. Enables both Web Commerce (shopping) and use of Web for proprietary information |
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Interactive and "batch" Collaboration
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Metacomputing -- the collection of world wide computers as a coordinated (in subgroups of computers) computational engine (for simulation or information processing)
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NII is/will be digital superhighway provided to you by
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| Current NII is INTERNET and World Wide Web |
| Currently access NII through Internet directly or through an intermediary such as America On-line |
| Currently use a Computer and modem on POTS -- plain old telephone service |
| In future Computers/TV set sets will ÒconvergeÓ and access will be dedicated cable/optical fiber which will be much faster and allow high quality video delivery |
| ÒEveryÓ Business Office, Every doctorÕs Office, ÒEveryÓ school desk, ÒEveryÓ home(potential patient) (approximately any home on cable) will have such a two-way high speed link to the NII |
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| High Performance (Parallel) Computers on High Speed (ATM) Networks linked to clients at a network performance that supporting realtime Video at a resolution between VHS,HDTV . |
MPP's as Internet/Web/NII/GII Servers
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Dual-Use Philosophy must be extended to Multi-Use
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Standards must be used
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| Each of three components (network connections, clients, servers) has capital value of order $10 to $100 Billion |
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InfoVision is ultimate "client-server" application
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Democracy on the NII (Gore)
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| ÒAllÓ children will have the equivalent of todays $20,000 business or university computer processing capability in |
| BOTH Settop Boxes and in Video Game Controllers which will ÒjustÓ be Personal Computers |
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| Information Video Imagery and Simulation on Demand |
| Tomorrows Communities will be centered not just on roads, libraries, schools and local businesses but EVERY community will have a High Speed Digital Community network that will both drive the community internally but also tell the outside world about business services, tourist attractions etc. |
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| Web Servers use "Web Technology" to service World Wide Web and other forms of networked multimedia information |
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President of ThinkMedia is Robert Frye who is an independent television and film producter and director
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| Linked with NPAC through Newhouse and other University Contacts |
| Exploring combining his expertise in video documentaries with NPACÕs collaborative Web technology (developed with Rome lab and NYNEX support) |
| Result will be a generalized forum where people from around the world can interact in a rich electronic environment |
| Bob Frye has donated some of his video material to NPAC for use in Living Schoolbook |
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| Living SchoolBook Material for SC95 San Diego Dec 95 |
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| Living SchoolBook Material for SC95 San Diego Dec 95 |
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The simplest VOD applications treat InfoVision server as a "glorified" digital VCR with a huge stock of readily accessible prerecorded tapes
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Interactive VOD will have granularity of order a minute
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| Can use same approach as for text -- relational databases -- to search for material |
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| Video and Server Technology Network is prototype of Wire Service of future using Web Technology to service Mass Communications Industry |
| NYNET ATM network extended internally to allow linkage of NPAC to Newhouse School of Public Communications and University Electronic Media Production Unit |
Faculty and students -- the multimedia digital journalists of the future will use:
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| Allows University to understand Integration of media and computer fields both at technology and academic level |
Industrial partners from traditional print and analog video fields
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| Living SchoolBook Material for SC95 San Diego Dec 95 |
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| Living SchoolBook Material for SC95 San Diego Dec 95 |
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| WebWork is an open, world-wide distributed computing environment based on computationally extended Web Technologies |
| The backend computation and information infrastructure is provided by the World-Wide Virtual Machine -- a mesh of computationally extended Web Servers (called Compute Servers) |
| These servers manage (via CGI mechanisms) a collection of standardized computational units called WebWork Modules. |
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| Geographically distributed and Web-published WebWork modules interact by HTTP/MIME based message/object passing and form distributed computing surfaces called Compute-Webs |
| The front-end user/client interfaces are provided by evolving Web browsers with increasing support for two-way interactivity (e.g. Java, VRML) that facilitates client side control and authoring. |
| A natural user-level metaphor -- WebFlow -- is supported in terms of visual interactive compute-web authoring tools. |
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| Implements the "Viable Base" Enterprise Model of HPCC Software identified in Pasadena2 workshop |
| This will allow good programming tools to be developed and mnaintained as larger enough base to support software industry |
| Implements a powerful software engineering framework for parallel computing by integrating parallel programming with the World Wide Web Productivity Tools |
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RSA security systems based on numbers
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| Bank of England and English Savings and Loan based on m=155 (512 binary digits) |
| RSA129 cracked by factoring with email team using sophisticated version of Quadratic Sieve. RSA155 will use better Number Field Sieve |
| Need x2 = y2 mod(RSAm) as then gcd(x+y,RSAm) likely to be interesting factor |
Find x and y by finding lots of interesting a's
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| Given these a's factored into primes, multiply together so powers of primes are even. This gves desired x |
| This last step requires graph theory and solution (for Bank of England) of 5 million linear equations |
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| RSA155 requires about 300 teraops hours to solve with NFS |
| RSA129 needed about an order of magnitude less time. Can be done today faster if use Number Field Sieve |
| We have roughly one to five million independent calculations which form the rows of matrix (after clever graph theory manipulates and combines) |
Set of master servers publish problem to solved with suitable demos, description of algorithm and full marketing attention.
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| Clients return results -- not so easy except by email and cut and paste |
| Best done as a set of cooperating servers where server performing factorization publishs it solution as a file on the WWW. |
| Cooperating servers also better for computer administrators as can control set of clients at a given site |
| Initially use humans but replace by agents when software ready |
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| Factoring on the Web Project |
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| Factoring on the Web Project |
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| Factoring on the Web Project |
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| WebWork is based on a three-layer architecture shown in figure 2, including: World_Wide Virtual Machine (WWVM) in the (bottom) layer 1, Middleware layer 2 of agents, wrappers, mediators etc., and high level programming environments (e.g. HPFCL) and user interfaces (e.g. WebFlow) in the (top) layer 3. |
| All base WebWork concepts can be implemented in terms of today's Web technologies (HTTP, MIME, CGI) and a prototype is under development at NPAC. |
| The overall design is open and ready to upgrade the existent (e.g. browsers or servers) and include new (e.g. agents or distributed object brokers) Internet/Web technologies |
| One starting point for the WebWork construction is provided by NPAC WebTools -- a CGI-extended Web server with enhanced content authoring and database navigation functionalities. WebTools Server is used as a prototype WebWork node server. |
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| Illustrates 3 base layers of WebWork architecture and all main system components. |
A 4--node compute-web is represented
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| Java/HotJava model is used for WebFlow front-end implementation |
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The paper describing this project is available at SCCS715 in NPAC technical report series |
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| PCRC embodies the Parallel Computing Synchronization and collective parallel algorithms and runtime that will enable efficient Web-based computing |
| Replace user interface of HPF or HPC++ with the Web(work) and use pervasive Web Technologies in infrastructure (World Wide Virtual Machine -- WWVM) |
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| http://www.npac.syr.edu/users/gcf/npacaddons -- see foil 105 |
| Java provides a convenient way to build flexible graphics interfaces |
| The screendump shows the message passing traffic and status of (36) parallel nodes used in a sorting algorithm |
| In the example, the 36 threads are running the explicit algorithm on the client |
| Alternatively and more generally, the threads are replaying a trace of the program which is or was running on a separate set of nodes |
If one uses Web Servers to control master parallel computation or more generally integrates Web into computing, these Web servers can naturally feed event traces into Java based display
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| From Kemal Ispirli with 36 threads running client-side |
| Colors represent node status and links message-passing |
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| The compilation system is accessed through a Web Browser. The HPF program and requests are POSTed to the HTTP Server using HTTP Protocol. |
| HTTP Server analyzes the incoming request and activates the HPF Service Master which is a CGI module. |
| HPF Service Master starts the Compile module which translates a given HPF program into Fortran 77 with message passing calls (i.e.MPI), and produces an object file using a node compiler. |
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| Link module links the generated object code with Common Runtime Support (CRS) and MPI libraries. |
| Run module forks copies of the executable code on the nodes of a workstation cluster. |
| After the request has been satisfied, HPF Service Master puts the results into HTML format and sends back to the HTTP Server. |
| HTTP Server sends the results to the Web Browser via the HTTP Protocol. |
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| The WWVM is accessed through a Web Browser and requests are sent to the server through HTTP Protocol. |
| HTTP Server starts a service master which translates given HPF program to F90 with message passing calls and starts-up other client servers. |
| HTTP Servers at the client side get the requests through the HTTP protocol connection, and activates a Interpreter CGI module. |
| Interpreter makes calls to the Runtime Support and Communication Server that sends and receives messages using PVM daemons. |
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| From Kivanc Dincer |
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| From Kivanc Dincer |
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| We need to use compilers on tightly coupled systems such as MPP's (shared and distributed memory) |
But for metacomputing, the hardware intrinsically has latencies that suggests increased flexibility of interpreters is more appropriate
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| Maybe frontends should be built with interpreters such as object-oriented PERL5 so easier to link with Web. |
Note that interpreted environment will have best software engineering support and so suggestion is -- taking SP2 as example:
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This implies that we should allow hybrid model not just for task (interpreted) versus data parallelism(compiled)
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Current Web Interpreters include Java TCL and PERL(5) which are optimized for different application domains
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This leads to WebScript Concept of interoperable interpreters optimized for different domains
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| Java is a C++ subset which interestingly does not have pointers as these are unsafe in necessary secure metacomputing environment. |
| Thus Java has removed the part of C++ which is hardest to parallelize |
| Java may not "survive" but if it doesnt something better will! Thus it makes sense to study and experiment with it |
Natural first step is to use Java to build the interpreted "shell" which we called HPFCL for HPF coordination Language.
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Java is partially compiled as you take basic Java high-level code and compile down to a universal Java machine language. This is very similar to concepts in ANDF (Architecture Neutral Distribution Format) but with a different goal
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| VRML -- Virtual Reality Model Language -- is an object oriented database built as a subset of the SGI Inventor System |
| VRML can be considered as another script optimized for graphics but not many interesting processing (compute) capabilities are in current standard |
VRML can be considered as an example of a universal data structure allowing exchange of 3D objects over the Web.
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| Thus useful to consider data parallel VRML and building CC++ or HPF(Fortran90) modules to support VRML |
| HPCC community should join with the Web to ensure that standards such as VRML can be implemented efficiently either in parallel (maybe a niche) but also in a distributed network (similar issues where HPCC can contribute and clearly very important) |
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Features of the Java language and runtime
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| Can build on existing work on HPF HPC++ -- especially latter |
Two basic types of opportunities:
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Applet mechanism naturally incorporates task parallelism -- need to add "channel" class (as in Fortran-M, CC++) to augment "thread" and "socket" classes
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| Java can be used both on Server and Client side as expect soon good Java based clients and servers |
| See the E language http://www.communities.com/e.html |
| or my class notes http://www.npac.syr.edu/users/gcf/cps616java96 or |
| http://www.npac.syr.edu/users/gcf/cps616tech96 |