Abstract * Foil Index for this file
Given by Geoffrey C. Fox at General on 1997. Foils prepared 26 January 97
Abstract * Foil Index for this file
| This is a general collection of foils for a variety of projects |
| Initially Education Activities! |
| Then PetaFlop Remarks |
| JISC Activity in United Kingdom |
| Black Hole Message Passing Analysis |
This table of Contents
Abstract
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| Geoffrey Fox |
| Syracuse University |
| 111 College Place |
| Syracuse |
| New York 13244-4100 |
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| This is a general collection of foils for a variety of projects |
| Initially Education Activities! |
| Then PetaFlop Remarks |
| JISC Activity in United Kingdom |
| Black Hole Message Passing Analysis |
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| Certificate in Computational Science offered at Harbin Institute of Technology (North China) Spring 1996 -- started March 1,1996 -- is a prototype of Syracuse University extension school |
Although Internet Connections to China is pretty dreadful, we still use Web Technology but package Electronic Course material on a Pentium PC at Harbin running WindowsNT and Java
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| This is updated in batch mode by Syracuse -- China Connection |
| Students in China Interact with mentors in China and with NPAC via Internet (web and email) |
| Project got good reviews from students and press! |
| Project designed by Fox,Leskiw(NPAC), Xiaoming Li(Harbin and Peking visiting NPAC) |
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| Graduate Students -- initially 6 guinea pigs presented with certificates July 96 |
| 4 Courses -- each 10 1 hour lectures -- offered Spring 1996 over 20 week period |
ICPS 700: Introduction to Simulation Track of Computational Science
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ICPS 701: Parallel Programming Laboratory
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ICPS710: World Wide Web Technology
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ICPS711: Web Programming
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Important Lesson from my trip to China last summer
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So we have used initial students to translate base material into Chinese
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| China wants me to give a one week Web Tutorial (in English) at Peking this May 97 |
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SImulation Track -- Graduate
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| Masters in Computational Science built around these core courses CPS615,713 |
Simulation Track -- Undergraduate
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| Nuclear Weopens Stewardship (ASCI) |
| Cryptology and Digital Signal Processing |
| Satellite Data Analysis |
| Climate and Environmental Modeling |
| 3-D Protein Molecule Reconstruction |
| Real-Time Medical Imaging |
| Severe Storm Forecasting |
| Design of Advanced Aircraft |
| DNA Sequence Matching |
| Molecular Simulations for nanotechnology |
| Large Scale Economic Modelling |
| Intelligent Planetary Spacecraft |
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| Geoffrey Fox |
| Syracuse University |
| 111 College Place |
| Syracuse |
| New York 13244-4100 |
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| This uses material from Paul Smith and Peter Kogge as well as Fox |
| We describe the "National PetaFlop Study(s)" and what you can expect with or without a specific initiative |
| We discuss traditional, Processor in Memory, Superconducting, Special Purpose architectures as well as future Quantum Computers! |
| We survey possible applications, new needs and opportunities for software as well as the technologies and designs for new machines one can expect in the year 2007! |
| We review findings of studies and structure of a possible initiative |
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There are at least 3 issues in HPCC software
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| We did well on "fundamental issues" but failed on "in principle" straightforward but costly engineering and User Interface areas |
Petaflop initiative faces much harder (but probably soluble) fundamental issues but is bound to fail unless there is a strong (well enough funded) implementation program
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| Geoffrey Fox |
| Syracuse University |
| 111 College Place |
| Syracuse |
| New York 13244-4100 |
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| We describe role of computational science as capturing academic integration of advanced compuation into general curricula |
| We use a recent review of a program in the United Kingdom to illustrate concepts |
| Clusters of PC's are natural deployment mechanism |
| We point out that this can be applied successfully in both simulation (parallel computing) and information arena (the web) |
| We discuss the role of scalable certificates as another way of recognizing knowledge as opposed traditional minors, masters and other degrees |
| We illustrate these ideas with program at Syracuse |
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| Both HPCC Training and Education as well as Clustered Computing |
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| Undergraduate and Graduate |
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| Including China Internet Experiment |
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| Both HPCC Training and Education as well as Clustered Computing |
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| Undergraduate and Graduate |
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| We seem to be missing algorithm discussions! |
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| These are for different parts of UNIGRID codes |
| HPF diff subroutine calculates differentials |
DAGH is sample solver
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This application does NOT suggest Message Passing is Obsolete!
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This application suggests a tool-kit approach where you can link together many environments and not be tied to a single system
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| This stresses need for interoperable subsystems rather than ambitious complete solutions that can't be completed |
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| Geoffrey Fox |
| Syracuse University |
| 111 College Place |
| Syracuse |
| New York 13244-4100 |
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| Please go to URL http://www.npac.syr.edu/projects/javaforcse |
| We describe 3 major areas where Java (and other Web Technologies) can have significant impact |
| 1) Java can be used to build user Interfaces and here we describe the Virtual Programming Laboratory VPL |
2) Java can support coarse grain integration and metacomputing
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3) Java as a traditional compiled language for computational kernels
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| Java raises issue of role of Interpreters versus Compilers |
| Success of systems like MATLAB and languages like APL show relevance of interpreters in Scientic Computing |
PERL, JavaScript, TcL, Visual Basic etc. indicate growing use of Interpreters in other domain
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We suggest that integration of Interpreters and compilers is an important research issue and could suggest new models for parallelism
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| Optimizing Interpreters (as in JIT for Java) |
| A library model where interpreted toolkits invoke lovingly parallelized high performance libraries |
| Natural linkage to interpreted data analysis / visualization |
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| Classic HPCC Research -- Programming Environments and Applications and links of HPCC to Web Technology |
| Basic Information Technology -- Databases, Web, Collaboration, Networking |
| Healthcare/Human Computer Interfaces -- "Center for Really Neat Research" -- work with disabled users |
| Education Technology -- TANGO WebWisdom etc. |
InfoMall Technology Transfer
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InfoMall MidHudson supports technology in MidHudson (exIBMers)
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Education Delivery
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| 19 PhD level Researchers, 5 senior and 4 junior visitors from Poland |
| About 30 students (about half funded, others "volunteers") |
Local and International Collaboraters
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Modest Computational facilities focused on high quality information subsystems and networks
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| Theme is generalized computational science -- applied computer science and applications of relevance to real world in simulation and information arenas |
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| 19 PhD level Researchers, 5 senior and 4 junior visitors from Poland |
| About 30 students (about half funded, others "volunteers") |
Local and International Collaboraters
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State of the Art Practical Computational facilities focused on high quality information subsystems and networks
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| Theme is leading edge computer science and its applications of relevance to real world for academia, business and community |
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| Basic Information Technology -- Databases, Web, Collaboration, Networking |
| Healthcare/Human Computer Interfaces -- "Center for Really Neat Research" -- work with disabled users |
| Education Technology -- TANGO, Video Servers WebWisdom etc. |
| High Performance Computing and Communication Research -- Programming Environments and Applications and links of HPCC to Web Technology |
InfoMall Technology Transfer
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InfoMall MidHudson supports technology in MidHudson (exIBMers)
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Education Delivery
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Advances in networking and compute technology with growing pervasive access to the World Wide Web will have profound implications for education and Training
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Nobody (yet) knows what will work!
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| Web Delivery of HTML versions of traditional curricula with linked associated audio of lecturers |
| Java and VRML2.0 animated resources to provide new insights to complex problems |
| Digital Video Servers with indices |
| Online Laboratories for science, programming etc. |
| Database search oif full curricula to find topics of interest |
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| The new technology supports both compute enhanced classroom and distance delivery |
| Distance delivery can be synchronous (teacher and students interacting in real time) or asynchronous (student self paced study with "batch" interactions by electronic mail/bulletin boards etc.) |
| Collaboration technology such as NPAC's TANGO supports these new models |
Integration of Databases with delivery system allows logging of either pages accessed or even of full multimedia sessions
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| NPAC has developed some unique capabilities in WebWisdom Delivery, TANGO collaboration and Video Server areas |
| NPAC has state of art experience in areas such as VRML2 Java and Web-linked Databases |
| NPAC can deliver customized Web Education technology linking components of interest |
NPAC can deliver training in several areas -- either in class or at a distance
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| The Web links people to both Information Sources and to other people |
| Currently most progress has been in access and searching of information in HTML(text), Animated Java Applets, and 3D VRML Images |
| AOL Compuserve and Web have great success with bulletin boards and "chat systems" for forums, clubs and other electronic societies |
New generation of Java Collaboration Systems will greatly increase capabilities of electronic collaboration
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| Ability to define Interacting Group of people with either pure peer or teacher-student type relationship |
| Integrated digital VideoConferencing among participants |
| Shared Browser (HTML Java VRML Pages) |
| Shared Chat System for text messages |
| Shared Whiteboard for drawing |
| Multimedia Mail |
| Linked Digital Video Server |
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| Under development is integrated database for multimedia logging of sessions |
| Support for multiple but linked "electronic societies" with different rooms |
| Shared Applications such as Microsoft Word |
Has well defined Interface for linking other applications in C C++ Java JavaScript
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Initial application is Decision Support System aimed at emergency planning and command and control
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| Distributed simulations involving machines, people and computers in the loop |
| HealthCare from a rich TeleMedicine environment to Home Healthcare including support for disabled individuals |
| Distance Education -- TANGOWisdom |
| "TANGOlite" or "HomeTANGO" to support low bandwidth links for clubs and forums |
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| Geoffrey Fox |
| Syracuse University |
| 111 College Place |
| Syracuse |
| New York 13244-4100 |
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| We describe issues affecting the depoloyment and impact of the NII/Internet2/NGI on HPCC and Education |
| These two areas are chosen because they are applications I have some insight in |
| Other areas will be equally or more important |
| Probably the biggest issue will be determining new "enterprise models" and working out how to change organizations |
| Java JavaScript VRML2 Multimedia Web (audio/video) Web-linked databases, Web Collaboration are key component technologies |
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By definition, Web Software will be the "best" software ever built because it has the largest market (and so greatest leverage of investment dollars) and most creative business model (harness the world's best minds together with open interfaces)
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One should build upwards from the "democractic Web"
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| This allows you to both deliver your application to the general public (not always required but often desireable) and use the best leveraged software |
| Note Web Software tends to offer highest functionality as opposed to highest performance and HPCC often requires different trade-offs |
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Web Technology is still uncertain and there may be major changes but "enough" capabilities are in place to build very general (~all) applications
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| Rapidly evolving Standards and a mechanism to get rapid consensus |
| Fortran 77 -> Fortran90 --> HPF --> Fortran2000 (23 years) |
VRML Idea (1994) --> VRML1 deployed (95) --> VRML2 deployed (early 97) (2.3 years)
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| Classic Web: HTTP Mime HTML CGI Perl etc. |
| Java and JavaScript Compiled to almost compiled (applet) to fully Interpreted Programming Language |
| VRML2 as a dynamic 3D Datastructure for products and their simulation object |
| Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) and general Web linked databases |
| Dynamic Java Servers and Clients |
| Rich Web Collaboration environment building electronic societies |
| Security -- still needs maturing as very clumsy or non existent at present in many cases |
Compression/ Quality of Service for Web Multimedia
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| Emerging Web Object model including integration of Corba (see JavaBeans and Orblets) |
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| 1)Compute Power ? Maybe |
| 2)Network Bandwidth? In some cases |
3)Implementing / Discovering new ways of doing Business? Usually the major issue
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| Which organizations will still be here 10 years from now ? Consider University education as an example |
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| Many US Universities export education. |
Is global communication and "Virtual University Technology" good or bad?
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| Many other Enterprises have similar Challenges and Opportunities! |
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| 4)Web Technologies are very rich and are perhaps 10 times as complicated as HPCC and Parallel Programming |
| Much harder to match the drumbeat of web than drumbeat of HPCC |
I use a research <--> Teach iterative cycle to learn and understand significance of new technologies
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5)Rapid evolution of technologies implies that any "product" is bound to be out of date
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Problem with HPCC is not ideas but rather finding enough people to implement robust rich software
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View parallel computing as a special case of distributed computing with tighter synchronization and lower latency
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Java/JavaScript front ends for interoperability and visualization is first step
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Parallel Java is inevitable and indeed Java will replace Fortran and C++ in general scientific computing
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The (commercial) Web itself will lead to "coarse grain software integration" in AVS like data flow environments
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Web Collaboration technology can revolutionize computational steering
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| HTML Java etc will give higher quality basic Curricula with glossaries, database search, hyperlinking etc. |
Virtual Laboratories for Science, Programming etc.
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Voice (RealAudio) and video capture of teacher as augmentation of lecture curricula material
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Searchable video archives for finding critical few minutes clips to use in class
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Take Web electronic society technology which link people together and use to join teachers mentors and students
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| Meanwhile can look at VRML2 for Immersive virtual learning environments |
| All of these technologies can be used either synchronously (organized sessions) or asynchronously (students learn in their own time and interact with teacher/mentor in batch mode) |
| Log educational sessions (including multimedia material) in databases and use for assesment |
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Initial applications include corporate training and University continuing education
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| This is outreach to people wanting to learn new skills and so critical as all organizations redefine themselves |
| Also use in Chinese Universities and HBCU's in the U.S. where we can help faculty upgrade their curricula |
| NPAC will have all these capabilities in a deployable system by end of 97. |
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| Talks in Germany April 21-23 1997 |
| Geoffrey Fox |
| Syracuse University |
| 111 College Place |
| Syracuse |
| New York 13244-4100 |
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| This talk was presented at the "Kolloquium uber Parallelverarbeitung in technisch-naturwissenschaftlichen" at Aachen April 21, 1997 and (without PetaFlop comments) at the Pallas Software company (Bruhl Germany) April 23, 1997 |
| The visit was sponsored by GMD Bonn SCAI (Ulrich Trottenberg) |
| We discussed the expected PetaFlop architectures with their challenges and then the new software approaches suggested by the Web |
| Please go to URL http://www.npac.syr.edu/projects/javaforcse |
| We describe 3 major areas where Java (and other Web Technologies) can have significant impact |
| 1) Java can be used to build user Interfaces and here we describe the Virtual Programming Laboratory VPL |
2) Java can support coarse grain integration and metacomputing
|
3) Java as a traditional compiled language for computational kernels
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| VRML naturally gives 3D visualization with usual Web advantage of running on PC's and Workstations |
| Its universality implies can use in industry to specify products so can design, manufacture and market from the same(related) specification |
| Should impact PDES/STEP and such industry product specification standards |
| VRML will need extension to handle this but it is a good start and allows user defined types |
VRML and Parallel Computing?
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| Talk at Digital Equipment Corp May 8 1997 |
| Geoffrey Fox |
| Syracuse University |
| 111 College Place |
| Syracuse |
| New York 13244-4100 |
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| We described the overall structure and programs of NPAC |
| We illustrate how these fit together in the application of Web Technologies to HPCC and education |
| We describe guiding principles of HPCC -- what we have learnt -- and how this suggests that field needs to build more robust functional modular systems |
| We suggest Java Servers are a natural unifying approach to Software Integration enabling collaborative design, computational steering etc. |
| We present our 4 layer model of HPCC |
| Education benefits from HPCC simulations and can use much of the same integration software |
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| Ideas from HPCC research Good! |
| Not enough people/funding in field to implement robust production systems |
| Must re-use as much software (including infrastructure software) as possible |
| Similarly must build HPCC software in a modular fashion with small enough modules that smallish groups can build effectively |
| Different modules are likely to use different base technologies (Fortran v Java v C++ etc.) and so interoperability essential! |
| No silver bullet on the horizon - maybe pessimistic but implies better HPCC environments implies better implementations of existing ideas. |
| Need to support both production use of MPP's and "rapid prototyping" in development of new applications - latter is not well supported by current HPCC software systems even though need parallel support for prototyping of new 3D simulations |
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| PC and workstation clusters are of growing important and this typically distributed memory people's technology is contrasted with distributed shared memory tightly coupled MPP's. |
| Computational science moving to multidisciplinary (multi-component) applications |
| Corresponding growing use of databases (for data-intensive applications) |
| Interoperability between disparate heterogeneous platforms, support of multidisciplinary applications, and metacomputing are three related important areas |
| "full metacomputing" (decompose general problem on general networked resources) may not be relevant |
| The Web is delivering a new operating environment (WebWindows) and a rich distributed computing software infrastructure with especially excellent support for software integration |
| There is a need for a new scalable technical operating system (NT v UNIX v WebWindows) |
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| We can distinguish Decomposition and Integration |
| Decomposition is performed by an HPF or other Parallelizing compiler; or by a user writing a Fortran + Message Passing code "by hand" |
| MPI integrates decomposed parts together with high bandwidth latency constraints |
| Systems such as AVS integrate larger modules together and much of "software engineering" (modular style of programming) involved with this |
Web is a powerful integration model suitable for large coarse modules with modest latency and sometimes modest bandwidth requirements
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| Collaboration, computational steering, multidisciplinary science are all integration and not decomposition problems! |
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| We suggest a hierarchical computing model with high functionality modest performance integration/coordination layer controlling classic low level HPCC high performance layer |
| At Lowest layer hardest problem is decomposition |
| At Top (computing) layer, flexible Integration is |
| problem as decomposition natural |
| User Interface gives third level |
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User View: Interoperable Web Interface as in VPL (Virtual Programming Laboratory)
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| Integration Level: Network of (Java) Servers linking different clients (aka collaboration), Web-linked databases |
| Metacomputing and Interoperable module linkage |
| High Performance Level: Classic HPCC technologies where low latency and high bandwidth needed! |
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| Collaboration does use Fortran 90 (due to many tensors) but does not really use HPCC technologies |
Mainly because collaboration in rapid prototyping mode and runs "modest" (several hours on R10000 chip) and so no compelling motivation
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| However HPCC will be essential for production runs and we have shown that HPCC technologies will work! |
| Expects to use DAGH as needs HPF2 compilers |
| If either DAGH or HPF used, one will need additional support (specialized translators, MPI extrinsics) |
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This application does NOT suggest that any system (either HPF DAGH MPI) is either Obsolete or the solution!
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This application suggests a tool-kit approach where you can link together many environments and not be tied to a single system
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| This stresses need for interoperable subsystems rather than ambitious complete solutions that can't be completed |
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| One probably needs multigrid elliptic solvers which are compatible with hyperbolic evolution using Adaptive Mesh Refinement |
| One might to solve elliptic equations at each time step for subsidary variables |
| However neither Grand Challenge nor (significant) part of numerical analysis community seemed to have experience in this and there appears no "off the shelf" solution. |
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| We have proposed an approach which uses client native classes for "compiler runtime" or linkage to server and follows an HPF style with an interpreted front-end like Matlab or APL or "host" programming model as in *LISP on CM-2 |
e.g. A = HParray.matmul(B,C)
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This leads to Java wrappers invoked by HPF-style Java(Script) interpreter which interfaces to native HPF/C++/Java server implementations.
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Note you can "pre-load" server and interpreted front end with all necessary information about server program by preprocessing latter with HPF (Java C++) front end
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| If HPF at server side, it is natural to interrupt running program at "extrinsic" interface. |
| Erol Akarsu at NPAC has implement visualization and debugging commands at this interrupt |
| However can extend to allow any type of interpreted execution with user request language Java or JavaScript or pure visual interface (as in WebFlow) |
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| User Interpreted Commands |
| invoking preloaded |
| Java/Javascript objects |
| Server invokes extrinsic |
| processor |
| (true interpreter |
| or compiler invoked |
| dynamically) |
| Running Program |
| interruptable at |
| extrinsic interfaces |
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| Talks in Hefei and Beijing China May 27,30 1997 |
| Geoffrey Fox |
| Syracuse University |
| 111 College Place |
| Syracuse |
| New York 13244-4100 |
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| The talk starts with an overview of NPAC and a description of our CPSWT CDROM with Chinese translation of Computational Science courseware |
| We then describe 3 major areas where Java (and other Web Technologies) can have significant impact |
| 1) Java can be used to build user Interfaces and here we describe the Virtual Programming Laboratory VPL |
2) Java can support coarse grain integration and metacomputing
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3) Java as a traditional compiled language for computational kernels
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| We show how this allows one to build integrated Interpreted and Compiled Environments |
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Chinese translation of material in "International Certificate in Computational Science" ICPSE
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| Translated by Xiaoming Li (Harbin,Peking,Syracuse) and Faculty and Students at Harbin |
CPSWT is HPCC Computational Science and Web Technologies
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| We will add to NPAC Home Page, a link to be able order copies of this free CD-ROM |
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Course I: High Performance Simulation
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Course II: Information (Web) Technologies
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| David Bernholdt, Gang Cheng, |
| Geoffrey Fox, Wojtek Furmanski |
| Syracuse University |
| 111 College Place |
| Syracuse |
| New York 13244-4100 |
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This covers a planning period which will be used to prepare background information and get initial start on some activities which will go into "production mode" as soon as possible. This plan is motivated by guidelines for PET activities emerging from recent meeting at Houston which include:
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| FMS use of HPCC is currently modest and straightforward "porting" approach for existing codes is not likely to exhibit early successes (One exception is noted in next bullet). |
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| Thus our major initial PET strategy is based on "new ways of doing things" using web technologies (especially Java and VRML 2.0) with linkage to Corba and datbases. These have natural applicability to distributed virtual environments and "human/machine in the loop" distributed simulations. |
| One simple early use of HPCC is to host parallel versions of large scale embedded simulations such as a weather simulation which is part of some FMS models. |
| ARL reports to NPAC that there is interest in large scale parallel databases. |
| There is some synergy between IMT and FMS which should be explored. |
| Training in advanced Web and database technologies at ARL could be useful. |
| PET-wide software repositories are interesting (but postponed until next year) |
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Exchange of information describing NPAC and ARL activities
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Distributed Computing and Web Technology for FMS and IMT
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Deliverables
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Parallel Databases for FMS, IMT, and other ARLĘActivities
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| Training has 3 topics |
Elementary Web-Linked Databases (delivery after 31 May)
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| Additional Training on Parallel Databases and Web-Linked Databases (materials by 1 August, delivery following) |
| Initial development of course materials for "Web Technology for Virtual Environments, FMS, and IMT " to be completed and offered in Year 2 with 3 days, 2 instructors, workshop format |
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| Fox led JPL-Caltech group that developed first large scale parallel Battle Management simulation for US AirForce (General Paul was technical monitor) |
| SIM 87,88,89 was hypercube implementation of tracking and response to SDI scenario |
| This work also involved the early Time Warp activities at JPL |
| We are currently finishing up web based command and control system (for Rome Laboratory) which includes simulated and real participants implemented as simple event driven simulation Java engine. |
| Recently NPAC has been leader in use of Java and VRML for (scientific) computing |
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| We suggest a hierarchical computing model with high functionality modest performance integration/coordination layer controlling classic low level HPCC high performance layer |
| At Lowest layer hardest problem is decomposition |
| At Top (computing) layer, flexible Integration is |
| problem as decomposition natural |
| User Interface gives third level |
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| We show a hierarchical computing model with high functionality modest performance integration/coordination layer controlling classic low level HPCC high performance layer |
| At Lowest layer hardest problem is decomposition |
| At Middleware (computing) layer, flexible Integration is |
| problem as decomposition natural |
| Clients and User Interfaces gives third level linked by HTTP, |
| Java Applets and as linked sessions through TANGO |
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| NSF Black Hole Grand Challenge |
CRPC -- Center for Research in Parallel Computation
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| Some NCSA PACI activity in education and computing |
| Arpa HPF/HPC++/"HPJava" Runtime (finishing) and performance estimation |
| PetaFlops Initiative |
DoD Modernization Program -- CEWES(Vicksburg) ASC(Dayton) and ARL(Aberdeen)
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| Through InfoMall, Monte Carlo based Financial modelling |
| National High Performance Software Exchange |
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Computational Science Courses / Curricula in English and Chinese
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| TangoWisdom linkage of Collaboration and Dissemination technology |
| Java Applets as universal interface to HPCC simulations |
(High profile/risk) project to use electronic delivery of courses to Historically Black Colleges
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| webwisdom.org is virtual university and |
| webwisdom.com will deliver technology including database backend, video servers, Tangowisdom |
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We have modest systems linked by quality commercial ATM and FDDI networks
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| Small (12 node) SP2 and (8 processor) Power Challenge |
| Windows NT Cluster for education and computing |
| 8 SUN UltraServer2/model 1200 with OC3 ATM connection used in computing and database applications |
Other SUN fileservers and clients
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