Originally $2.9 billion over 5 years starting in 1992 and
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Rapidly growing Information technology component starting in 1994 and total budget became over $1 billion per year
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This drove race to Teraflop performance and is now OVER!
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The Grand Challenges
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Enabled by teraflop computers and important to economy or fundamental research
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Global warming - NOAA
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Oil reservoir and environmental simulation - DOE
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Structural and aerodynamic calculations - NASA
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Earth observing satellite - data analysis - NASA
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Human genome - NIH, DOE
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Quantum chromodynamics - Fundamental Physics
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Gravitational waves from black holes - Fundamental Physics
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Molecular modeling - Fundamental Chemistry
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