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LOCAL foilset General Collection of Research Foils -- July--December 1996

Given by Geoffrey C. Fox at Several Presentations on Second half of 1996. Foils prepared July 6,1996
Abstract * Foil Index for this file

See also color IMAGE
This collects together Miscellaneous foils used in Research Presentations during second half of 1996
The first group of foils were used in trip to China July 12-28 1996

Table of Contents for full HTML of General Collection of Research Foils -- July--December 1996

1 Second Collection of General Research Foils
July -- December1996
2 Abstract of July-Dec 1996 Research Foils
3 Status of "Classic" HPCC -- June1996
Overall Status: Success or Failure?
4 Abstract of HPCC Current Status 1996
5 Status of "Classic" HPCC -- June1996
Summary of MPP Hardware
6 Abstract of HPCC Hardware Status 1996
7 Status of "Classic" HPCC -- June1996
Summary of MPP Software
8 Abstract of HPCC Software Status 1996
9 Status of "Classic" HPCC -- June1996
Summary of Grand/National Challenges, Applications, Acceptance by Industry
10 Abstract of HPCC Applications Status 1996
11 Status of "Classic" HPCC -- June1996
Futures-1: Problem Solving Environments and Real Software in near future?
12 Abstract of HPCC Futures 1:Problem Solving Environments
13 Status of "Classic" HPCC -- June1996
Futures-2: Petaflops and Real Software in 2007?
14 Abstract of HPCC Futures 2: PetaFlop in 2007!
15 Status of "Classic" HPCC -- June1996
Futures-3: Web Technology for HPCC?
16 Abstract of HPCC Futures 3: Web Technology
17 Overall Remarks on the March to PetaFlops - I
18 Overall Remarks on the March to PetaFlops - II
19 PSE Enabling Technologies I
20 PSE Enabling Technologies II
21 Possible Next Steps in HPCC PSE's
22 The Federal High Performance Computing and Communication Initiative (HPCCI)
23 What Happens now that HPCC Initiative is no longer in place?
24 Components of This HPCC Presentation
25 Some HPCC Hardware Architectures and Their Status - I
26 Some HPCC Hardware Architectures and Their Status - II
27 Gordon Bell's SNAP Architecture - I
28 Gordon Bell's SNAP Architecture - II
29 Gordon Bell's SNAP Architecture - III
30 The Curious State of Parallel Software!

This table of Contents Abstract

HELP! * GREY=local HTML version of LOCAL Foils prepared July 6,1996

Foil 1 Second Collection of General Research Foils
July -- December1996

From General Collection of Research Foils -- July--December 1996 Several Presentations -- Second half of 1996. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
Geoffrey Fox
NPAC
Syracuse University
111 College Place
Syracuse NY 13244-4100
HELP! * GREY=local HTML version of LOCAL Foils prepared July 6,1996

Foil 2 Abstract of July-Dec 1996 Research Foils

From General Collection of Research Foils -- July--December 1996 Several Presentations -- Second half of 1996. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
This collects together Miscellaneous foils used in Research Presentations during second half of 1996
The first group of foils were used in trip to China July 12-28 1996
HELP! * GREY=local HTML version of LOCAL Foils prepared July 6,1996

Foil 3 Status of "Classic" HPCC -- June1996
Overall Status: Success or Failure?

From General Collection of Research Foils -- July--December 1996 Several Presentations -- Second half of 1996. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
http://www.npac.syr.edu/users/gcf/hpcc96status/index.html
Presented during Trip to China July 12-28,1996
Geoffrey Fox
NPAC
Syracuse University
111 College Place
Syracuse NY 13244-4100
HELP! * GREY=local HTML version of LOCAL Foils prepared July 6,1996

Foil 4 Abstract of HPCC Current Status 1996

From General Collection of Research Foils -- July--December 1996 Several Presentations -- Second half of 1996. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
We describe the structure of seven talks making up this review of HPCC from today to the Web and Petaflop performance in future
Here we describe current status with HPCC in some sense both a failure and a great success
This requires looking at hardware, software and the critical lack of commercial adoption of this technology
We discuss COTS and trickle up and down technology strategies
We describe education and interdisciplinary computational science in both simulation and information arenas
HELP! * GREY=local HTML version of LOCAL Foils prepared July 6,1996

Foil 5 Status of "Classic" HPCC -- June1996
Summary of MPP Hardware

From General Collection of Research Foils -- July--December 1996 Several Presentations -- Second half of 1996. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
http://www.npac.syr.edu/users/gcf/hpcc96hardware/index.html
Presented during Trip to China July 12-28,1996
Geoffrey Fox
NPAC
Syracuse University
111 College Place
Syracuse NY 13244-4100
HELP! * GREY=local HTML version of LOCAL Foils prepared July 6,1996

Foil 6 Abstract of HPCC Hardware Status 1996

From General Collection of Research Foils -- July--December 1996 Several Presentations -- Second half of 1996. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
We describe basic technology driver -- the CMOS Juggernaut -- and some new approaches that could be important 10-20 years from now
We describe from elementary point of view the basics of parallel(MPP) architectures
We discuss current situation for tightly coupled systems -- convergence to distributed shared memory
We discuss clusters of PC's/workstations -- MetaComputing
HELP! * GREY=local HTML version of LOCAL Foils prepared July 6,1996

Foil 7 Status of "Classic" HPCC -- June1996
Summary of MPP Software

From General Collection of Research Foils -- July--December 1996 Several Presentations -- Second half of 1996. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
http://www.npac.syr.edu/users/gcf/hpcc96software/index.html
Presented during Trip to China July 12-28,1996
Geoffrey Fox
NPAC
Syracuse University
111 College Place
Syracuse NY 13244-4100
HELP! * GREY=local HTML version of LOCAL Foils prepared July 6,1996

Foil 8 Abstract of HPCC Software Status 1996

From General Collection of Research Foils -- July--December 1996 Several Presentations -- Second half of 1996. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
We start with an overall discussion of types of software environments and when they apply
  • Data and Task Parallelism
  • Coordination or Coarse Grain Software Integration Languages
Data Parallel and Message Passing are still critical but the situation is confused by immaturity of parallel compilers
We then discuss current work involving Xiaoming Li with HPF and the Parallel Runtime Compiler Consortium
MetaComputing is an emerging field oof importance and we sketch our plans for MetaWeb
Java threatens to change the ballgame!
HELP! * GREY=local HTML version of LOCAL Foils prepared July 6,1996

Foil 9 Status of "Classic" HPCC -- June1996
Summary of Grand/National Challenges, Applications, Acceptance by Industry

From General Collection of Research Foils -- July--December 1996 Several Presentations -- Second half of 1996. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
http://www.npac.syr.edu/users/gcf/hpcc96appls/index.html
Presented during Trip to China July 12-28,1996
Geoffrey Fox
NPAC
Syracuse University
111 College Place
Syracuse NY 13244-4100
HELP! * GREY=local HTML version of LOCAL Foils prepared July 6,1996

Foil 10 Abstract of HPCC Applications Status 1996

From General Collection of Research Foils -- July--December 1996 Several Presentations -- Second half of 1996. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
We describe HPCC Applications starting with the many successes of Federal Grand Challenge Program in Government and Academic areas
As a survey discovered, this does not translate into acceptance by industry
We describe the trend to the the more broadly based National Challenges
Industry has neither adopted the use of HPCC in their business operations nor has a viable software and systems industry (at high end) been created
The resolution of "dilemma" of Industry v. National need in government and academia will underlie future programs
HELP! * GREY=local HTML version of LOCAL Foils prepared July 6,1996

Foil 11 Status of "Classic" HPCC -- June1996
Futures-1: Problem Solving Environments and Real Software in near future?

From General Collection of Research Foils -- July--December 1996 Several Presentations -- Second half of 1996. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
http://www.npac.syr.edu/users/gcf/hpcc96pse/index.html
Presented during Trip to China July 12-28,1996
Geoffrey Fox
NPAC
Syracuse University
111 College Place
Syracuse NY 13244-4100
HELP! * GREY=local HTML version of LOCAL Foils prepared July 6,1996

Foil 12 Abstract of HPCC Futures 1:Problem Solving Environments

From General Collection of Research Foils -- July--December 1996 Several Presentations -- Second half of 1996. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
Problem Solving Environments -- PSE's -- are seen in all fields from health care, education to engineering design of a new aircraft
We illustrate with telemedicine Bridge concept
And show in detail integration of NII and computation in ASOP -- next generation integrated manufacturing and design
We give a couple of simple Web Computing Examples
And outline NPAC's Web based strategy
We describe needed enabling technologies and give a set of recommendations for progress coming from a panel led by John Rice of Purdue
HELP! * GREY=local HTML version of LOCAL Foils prepared July 6,1996

Foil 13 Status of "Classic" HPCC -- June1996
Futures-2: Petaflops and Real Software in 2007?

From General Collection of Research Foils -- July--December 1996 Several Presentations -- Second half of 1996. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
http://www.npac.syr.edu/users/gcf/hpcc96petaflop/index.html
Presented during Trip to China July 12-28,1996
Uses material from Peter Kogge -- Notre Dame
Geoffrey Fox
NPAC
Syracuse University
111 College Place
Syracuse NY 13244-4100
HELP! * GREY=local HTML version of LOCAL Foils prepared July 6,1996

Foil 14 Abstract of HPCC Futures 2: PetaFlop in 2007!

From General Collection of Research Foils -- July--December 1996 Several Presentations -- Second half of 1996. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
This describes some aspects of a national study of the future of HPCC which started with a meeting in February 1994 at Pasadena
The SIA (Semiconductor Industry Association) projections are used to define feasible memory and CPU scenarios
We describe hardware architecture with Superconducting and PIM (Processor in Memory possibilities) for CPU and optics for interconnect
The Software situation is captured by notes from a working group at June 96 Bodega Bay meeting
The role of new algorithms is expected to be very important
HELP! * GREY=local HTML version of LOCAL Foils prepared July 6,1996

Foil 15 Status of "Classic" HPCC -- June1996
Futures-3: Web Technology for HPCC?

From General Collection of Research Foils -- July--December 1996 Several Presentations -- Second half of 1996. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
http://www.npac.syr.edu/users/gcf/hpcc96web/index.html
Presented during Trip to China July 12-28,1996
Geoffrey Fox
NPAC
Syracuse University
111 College Place
Syracuse NY 13244-4100
HELP! * GREY=local HTML version of LOCAL Foils prepared July 6,1996

Foil 16 Abstract of HPCC Futures 3: Web Technology

From General Collection of Research Foils -- July--December 1996 Several Presentations -- Second half of 1996. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
This describes Our Approach focussing on Integration of Information and Computing and concentrating on coarse grain functionality
WebFlow : Dataflow (AVS) using Web with databases and numbercrunching
MetaWeb : Metacomputing or rather cluster management using Web
RSA Factoring was our first succesful example
Financial Modelling will be an obviously important commercial application
Java plays a critical role in high level user interfaces for visual programming, visualization of data and performance
Web Interfaces to HPF will be particularly useful initially in education -- programming laboratories on the Web
VRML is an interesting 3D datastructure
HELP! * GREY=local HTML version of LOCAL Foils prepared July 6,1996

Foil 17 Overall Remarks on the March to PetaFlops - I

From General Collection of Research Foils -- July--December 1996 Several Presentations -- Second half of 1996. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
I find study interesting not only in its result but also in its methodology of several intense workshops combined with general discussions at national conferences
Exotic technologies such as "DNA Computing" and Quantum Computing do not seem relevant on this timescale
Note clock speeds will NOT improve much in the future but density of chips will continue to improve at roughly the current exponential rate over next 10-20 years
Superconducting technology is currently seriously limited by no appropriate memory technology that matches factor of 100-1000 faster CPU processing
Current project views software as perhaps the hardest problem
HELP! * GREY=local HTML version of LOCAL Foils prepared July 6,1996

Foil 18 Overall Remarks on the March to PetaFlops - II

From General Collection of Research Foils -- July--December 1996 Several Presentations -- Second half of 1996. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
All proposed designs have VERY deep memory hierarchies which are a challenge to algorithms, compilers and even communication subsystems
Major need for hig-end performance computers comes from government (both civilian and military) applications
  • DoE ASCI (study of aging of nuclear weopens) and Weather/Climate prediction are two examples
Government must develop systems using commercial suppliers but NOT relying on traditionasl industry applications to motivate
So Currently Petaflop initiative is thought of as an applied development project whereas HPCC was mainly a research endeavour
HELP! * GREY=local HTML version of LOCAL Foils prepared July 6,1996

Foil 19 PSE Enabling Technologies I

From General Collection of Research Foils -- July--December 1996 Several Presentations -- Second half of 1996. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
Collaborative computing technology
Configuration control and human-in-the-loop (Computational steering)
Computational geometry and grid generation
Scalable algorithms
Scalable solver libraries
Parallel/Distributed computing --- metacomputing
Fault tolerance and security
Federated multi-media databases
File system and I/O technologies
Visualization including virtual reality, televirtuality etc.
Interactive interface development (GUI) technologies
Symbolic manipulation and automatic code generation
Artificial intelligence and expert systems
HELP! * GREY=local HTML version of LOCAL Foils prepared July 6,1996

Foil 20 PSE Enabling Technologies II

From General Collection of Research Foils -- July--December 1996 Several Presentations -- Second half of 1996. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
Performance monitoring and modeling
"Low-level" virtual machine such as MPI, PVM etc.
"Fine grain high-level" languages (C++, HPF etc.)
Software engineering and coarse grain software (software bus) integration
"Web-ware" and scripting middle-ware(Perl, Java, VRML, Python, etc.)
Agent search and communication systems
Wrapper technology for legacy systems and interoperability
Interface specification support and information exchange protocols (such as CORBA, Opendoc, metadata and web standards)
Object oriented software technology - object transport and management
PSE templates and frameworks
HELP! * GREY=local HTML version of LOCAL Foils prepared July 6,1996

Foil 21 Possible Next Steps in HPCC PSE's

From General Collection of Research Foils -- July--December 1996 Several Presentations -- Second half of 1996. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
Note that some steps -- such as Collaborative Environments will come from general NII activities
Others such as integrated grid generators and geometry plus CFD solvers, and distributed scientific objects must come from HPCC
HELP! * GREY=local HTML version of LOCAL Foils prepared July 6,1996

Foil 22 The Federal High Performance Computing and Communication Initiative (HPCCI)

From General Collection of Research Foils -- July--December 1996 Several Presentations -- Second half of 1996. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
Originally $2.9 billion over 5 years starting in 1992 and
  • Rapidly growing Information technology component starting in 1994 and total budget became over $1 billion per year
This drove race to Teraflop performance and is now OVER!
The Grand Challenges
  • Enabled by teraflop computers and important to economy or fundamental research
    • Global warming - NOAA
    • Oil reservoir and environmental simulation - DOE
    • Structural and aerodynamic calculations - NASA
    • Earth observing satellite - data analysis - NASA
    • Human genome - NIH, DOE
    • Quantum chromodynamics - Fundamental Physics
    • Gravitational waves from black holes - Fundamental Physics
    • Molecular modeling - Fundamental Chemistry
HELP! * GREY=local HTML version of LOCAL Foils prepared July 6,1996

Foil 23 What Happens now that HPCC Initiative is no longer in place?

From General Collection of Research Foils -- July--December 1996 Several Presentations -- Second half of 1996. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
Most of the activities it started are ongoing!
It achieved goal of Teraflop performance -- see Intel P6 machine at Sandia
But it failed to develop a viable commercial base
And although hardware peak performs at advertised rate, the software environment is poor
  • This could be due to poor hardware as well as lack of sufficient resources to sustain software effort
Academic Activities -- NSF Supercomputer centers -- are very healthy as much easier to put such codes on MPP as short in lifetime and lines of code
Next initiatives -- based on PetaFlop goal -- will include a federal development as well as research component as can't assume "brilliant research" will be picked up by industry
HELP! * GREY=local HTML version of LOCAL Foils prepared July 6,1996

Foil 24 Components of This HPCC Presentation

From General Collection of Research Foils -- July--December 1996 Several Presentations -- Second half of 1996. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
There are seven talks in this series:
HPCC Status -- this talk -- Overall Technical and Political Status
HPCC Today I -- MPP Hardware Architectures and Machines
HPCC Today II -- Software
HPCC Today III -- Applications -- Grand Challenges Industry
HPCC Tomorrow I -- Problem Solving Environments
HPCC Tomorrow II -- Petaflop (10^15 Operations per second) in the year 2007?
HPCC Tomorrow III -- The use of Web Technology in HPCC
HELP! * GREY=local HTML version of LOCAL Foils prepared July 6,1996

Foil 25 Some HPCC Hardware Architectures and Their Status - I

From General Collection of Research Foils -- July--December 1996 Several Presentations -- Second half of 1996. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
The future sees:
  • 1:Mainly the relentless drive of CMOS juggernaut with Moore's law!
  • 2:The growth of World Wide networked computers from settop boxes to MPP's
  • 3:Processor in Memory (PIM)
  • 4:Superconducting CPU's and interconnect (but no memory?)
  • 5:Optical Interconnects
  • 6:Quantum Computing (see Scientific American Oct 95 p140 by Seth Lloyd(MIT)
  • 7:DNA or molecular computing
We will discuss the first two here, the next three in "Petaflop futures" and I leave the last two to a future generation!
HELP! * GREY=local HTML version of LOCAL Foils prepared July 6,1996

Foil 26 Some HPCC Hardware Architectures and Their Status - II

From General Collection of Research Foils -- July--December 1996 Several Presentations -- Second half of 1996. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
Today we see the following "CMOS Juggernaut" Architectures
SIMD: No commercial or academic acceptance except for special purpose military (signal processing) and commercial(database indexing) applications
Special Purpose: Such as GRAPE N-body machine which achieves a Teraflop today and a petaflop in a few years -- requires small memory and small CPU's
MIMD Distributed Memory:
  • Merging with Shared memory in tightly coupled systems
  • Growing importance with World Wide Web and MetaComputing
Shared Memory
  • Tera Computer is isolated interesting attempt to build UMA system
  • SGI (based on Stanford Work and merging Cray and SGI lines) and Convex will base high end on distributed shared memory which merges distributed and shared memory
  • Physically distributed but logically NUMA shared memory
HELP! * GREY=local HTML version of LOCAL Foils prepared July 6,1996

Foil 27 Gordon Bell's SNAP Architecture - I

From General Collection of Research Foils -- July--December 1996 Several Presentations -- Second half of 1996. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
Scalable Network (ATM) and Platforms (PC's running Windows 95)
HELP! * GREY=local HTML version of LOCAL Foils prepared July 6,1996

Foil 28 Gordon Bell's SNAP Architecture - II

From General Collection of Research Foils -- July--December 1996 Several Presentations -- Second half of 1996. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
MetaComputing Built from PC's and ATM as commodity parts (COTS)
HELP! * GREY=local HTML version of LOCAL Foils prepared July 6,1996

Foil 29 Gordon Bell's SNAP Architecture - III

From General Collection of Research Foils -- July--December 1996 Several Presentations -- Second half of 1996. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
The Computing World from Smart Card to Enterprise Server
HELP! * GREY=local HTML version of LOCAL Foils prepared July 6,1996

Foil 30 The Curious State of Parallel Software!

From General Collection of Research Foils -- July--December 1996 Several Presentations -- Second half of 1996. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
MPI and PVM as Message Passing Systems are very healthy but the essential ideas are very old -- 10 to 20 years
They are used because the systems work well (as relatively easy to build) and the users understand what to expect
  • Perhaps hard to program this way but you know what you will get and it will do well if you do well!
Parallel C++ is very confused with many standards
HPF -- Data Parallel Fortran -- is a standard challenged by industry somewhat as they find compilers difficult and wish it was simpler
Users find performance of HPF often disappointing and find it often is hard to predict what compiler will do
  • HPF needs more "infrastructure investment". Not clear if it will make it!
Northeast Parallel Architectures Center, Syracuse University, npac@npac.syr.edu

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