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All proposed designs have VERY deep memory hierarchies which are a challenge to algorithms, compilers and even communication subsystems
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Major need for hig-end performance computers comes from government (both civilian and military) applications
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DoE ASCI (study of aging of nuclear weopens) and Weather/Climate prediction are two examples
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Government must develop systems using commercial suppliers but NOT relying on traditionasl industry applications to motivate
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So Currently Petaflop initiative is thought of as an applied development project whereas HPCC was mainly a research endeavour
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