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Basic foilset Role of Technology in Online Education and Training

Given by Anoop Gupta from Microsoft Research at PET Training Session DoD HPC Modernization UGC on June 2 98. Foils prepared June 13 98
Outside Index Summary of Material

General Issues and uses as illustration
  • Tutored Video Instruction pioneered at Stanford very succesful
Is the Online university possible?
Analysis of particular multimedia technologies
Including mMicrosoft Research work

Table of Contents for full HTML of Role of Technology in Online Education and Training

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1 Role of Technology in Online Education and Training
2 Motivation
3 Solution Components
4 Rethinking How We Educate
5 What this means is ...
6 Do We Need to Sacrifice Quality
7 Re-evaluating Traditional Institutions
8 Imagine a University with ...
9 Marketplace Perspective
10 "Cares of the University"
11 Universities in the Digital Age
12 Outline
13 Education and Technology
14 Technology Adoption Phases
15 Content Creation
16 Role of Audio and Video
17 Delivery and Distribution
18 Collaboration
19 Work at Microsoft Research
20 The Flatland Project
21 Extended Flatland
22 MURL Seminar Series
23 Concluding Remarks

Outside Index Summary of Material

HTML version of Basic Foils prepared June 13 98

Foil 1 Role of Technology in Online Education and Training

From Role of Technology in Online Education and Training PET Training Session DoD HPC Modernization UGC -- June 2 98. *
Full HTML Index
Anoop Gupta
Microsoft Research
anoop@microsoft.com
HTML version of Basic Foils prepared June 13 98

Foil 2 Motivation

From Role of Technology in Online Education and Training PET Training Session DoD HPC Modernization UGC -- June 2 98. *
Full HTML Index
How we teach/learn hasn't changed in a long time
  • pedagogically
  • institutionally
Meanwhile, demands on education have changed
  • anytime, anywhere
  • modular, personalized, just-in-time
  • lower cost
  • ...
HTML version of Basic Foils prepared June 13 98

Foil 3 Solution Components

From Role of Technology in Online Education and Training PET Training Session DoD HPC Modernization UGC -- June 2 98. *
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Re-thinking how we educate
Re-evaluating role of traditional institutions
Use of technology
Bottom-line goals:
  • Access and scalability
  • Cost effectiveness
  • Education effectiveness
HTML version of Basic Foils prepared June 13 98

Foil 4 Rethinking How We Educate

From Role of Technology in Online Education and Training PET Training Session DoD HPC Modernization UGC -- June 2 98. *
Full HTML Index
Emphasis on learner rather than teacher
  • Two definitions of distance education:
    • Congressional Office of Technology Assessment: "Linking of a teacher and students in several geographic locations via technology that allows for interaction".
    • From South Africa: "Distance education is the offering of educational programs designed to facilitate a learning strategy which does not depend on day-to-day contact teaching, but makes best use of the potential of students to study on their own. It provides interactive study materials and decentralized learning facilities where students can seek academic and other forms of educational assistance when they need it".
HTML version of Basic Foils prepared June 13 98

Foil 5 What this means is ...

From Role of Technology in Online Education and Training PET Training Session DoD HPC Modernization UGC -- June 2 98. *
Full HTML Index
Online access to courseware and lectures
  • greater investment into high-quality courseware
    • capture and enhance great teaching
    • match individual learning style and situation
Classroom discussions via email, bulletin boards, annotations, telephone/video conferencing, ...
  • both synchronous and asynchronous methods
  • small group interactions can be very valuable
Private interaction via email, telephone, video ...
  • teachers as learning consultants
HTML version of Basic Foils prepared June 13 98

Foil 6 Do We Need to Sacrifice Quality

From Role of Technology in Online Education and Training PET Training Session DoD HPC Modernization UGC -- June 2 98. *
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No, in fact we may improve it
Stanford Tutored Video Instruction (TVI) Experiment
  • four groups of students
    • on-campus
    • local TV
    • remote TVI (no tutor)
    • remote TVI (with tutor)
  • remote industry students did best
  • it helped the "at-risk" students even more
Similar results for D-TVI version
HTML version of Basic Foils prepared June 13 98

Foil 7 Re-evaluating Traditional Institutions

From Role of Technology in Online Education and Training PET Training Session DoD HPC Modernization UGC -- June 2 98. *
Full HTML Index
Cost of physical infrastructure
  • can we keep building for the growing demand?
Separating the roles of:
  • content production
  • content delivery
  • one-on-one tutoring
  • learning through collaboration
  • community and personal growth
  • degree granting
Many of these can benefit from technology
Many can be left to the choice of the individual
  • e.g., popularity of NDOs at Stanford
HTML version of Basic Foils prepared June 13 98

Foil 8 Imagine a University with ...

From Role of Technology in Online Education and Training PET Training Session DoD HPC Modernization UGC -- June 2 98. *
Full HTML Index
Little or no physical campus
Highly leveraged courseware / lectures
Dramatic improvements in quality and choice through "open competition"
Teaching capacity re-deployed to individual interaction
Educational access anytime and anywhere
HTML version of Basic Foils prepared June 13 98

Foil 9 Marketplace Perspective

From Role of Technology in Online Education and Training PET Training Session DoD HPC Modernization UGC -- June 2 98. *
Full HTML Index
Two key factors:
  • Cost
  • Differentiation
Together they provide the competitive advantage
As in other markets, we will continue to see a diverse set of options available to individuals
HTML version of Basic Foils prepared June 13 98

Foil 10 "Cares of the University"

From Role of Technology in Online Education and Training PET Training Session DoD HPC Modernization UGC -- June 2 98. *
Full HTML Index
President Gerhard Casper, August 1997, Five-Year Report to the Board of Trustees and Academic Council of Stanford University
  • "Of all of the issues facing higher education at the end of the 20th century, none is more intriguing and more puzzling than the role of information technology in teaching, learning and research. ..."
  • "Just as the role of libraries has and will change, so will the function of the traditional classroom. Technology, again will increasingly change the way we communicate with one another, including the communication of complex thought and instruction. ..."
  • "Stanford's ability to retain its position as a preeminent institution of higher education in the 21st century will depend to a significant extent on how the University employs technology in teaching and learning. ..."
HTML version of Basic Foils prepared June 13 98

Foil 11 Universities in the Digital Age

From Role of Technology in Online Education and Training PET Training Session DoD HPC Modernization UGC -- June 2 98. *
Full HTML Index
John Seely Brown and Paul Duguid, Xerox PARC
"The knowledge delivery view strikes us, however, as both wrong and misleading in a number of ways: it misunderstands how people learn, where they learn, and when they learn. In the first place, it takes students as empty vessels into which the university pours information. ..."
HTML version of Basic Foils prepared June 13 98

Foil 12 Outline

From Role of Technology in Online Education and Training PET Training Session DoD HPC Modernization UGC -- June 2 98. *
Full HTML Index
The Education Complex
Role of Technology
Work at Microsoft Research
Concluding Remarks
HTML version of Basic Foils prepared June 13 98

Foil 13 Education and Technology

From Role of Technology in Online Education and Training PET Training Session DoD HPC Modernization UGC -- June 2 98. *
Full HTML Index
Two broad facets:
  • Technology for improved content
    • deep models of subject matter and student
    • active exploration of subject (simulations)
    • relate to students context/environment (situated learning)
    • MOSTLY DOMAIN DEPENDENT
  • Technology infrastructure for:
    • course and student management
    • content creation
    • delivery / distribution
    • collaboration
    • MOSTLY DOMAIN INDEPENDENT
Both aspects are important and complementary
HTML version of Basic Foils prepared June 13 98

Foil 14 Technology Adoption Phases

From Role of Technology in Online Education and Training PET Training Session DoD HPC Modernization UGC -- June 2 98. *
Full HTML Index
Phase-1:
  • digital version of non-digital process
Phase-2:
  • value-added features appear in digital version
Phase-3:
  • process re-design
HTML version of Basic Foils prepared June 13 98

Foil 15 Content Creation

From Role of Technology in Online Education and Training PET Training Session DoD HPC Modernization UGC -- June 2 98. *
Full HTML Index
Critical bottleneck in these early stages
Twin goals:
Diversity of effort
  • based on market size/value, longevity of content, ...
  • e.g., informal design review vs. Economics-101
Diversity of media
  • text, images, audio-video, animations, simulations, ...
Modular content and personalization
  • content granularity and structure
HTML version of Basic Foils prepared June 13 98

Foil 16 Role of Audio and Video

From Role of Technology in Online Education and Training PET Training Session DoD HPC Modernization UGC -- June 2 98. *
Full HTML Index
Many options today for text, images, html, ...
  • numerous tools companies
Audio-video will be a key element
  • follows from technology adoption phases
  • capture the best; capture the informal
  • Real Networks and Microsoft key streaming players
Our own effort:
  • low cost capture of presentations and meetings
  • smooth synchronous to asynchronous transition
  • explicit support and automated index creation
  • "living" content using annotations
HTML version of Basic Foils prepared June 13 98

Foil 17 Delivery and Distribution

From Role of Technology in Online Education and Training PET Training Session DoD HPC Modernization UGC -- June 2 98. *
Full HTML Index
Infrastructure reasonable for presentations
  • intranets/campus-networks pretty powerful
  • Internet (web) good for text and images
  • Netshow/Real pretty good for streaming media
    • multicast; unicast; from local disk
    • scalable stream formats
  • compression is getting better all the time
Infrastructure still poor for synchronous audio-video collaboration
  • text-chat just not adequate
  • both latency and bandwidth are killers
    • adoption of multicast only helps with bandwidth
  • continue to use telephone conferencing ???
HTML version of Basic Foils prepared June 13 98

Foil 18 Collaboration

From Role of Technology in Online Education and Training PET Training Session DoD HPC Modernization UGC -- June 2 98. *
Full HTML Index
Asynchronous collaboration
  • major successes: email and bulletin boards
  • new addition: "in-context" annotations
    • annotatable web ==> e.g., notes in the margin
    • annotatable video ==> e.g., classroom discussion
    • annotations stored separately from content
Synchronous collaboration
  • Feedback for "live" content
    • vote counting, pace / applause / nodding-off meters, ...
    • back channel for questions, shared white boards, ...
  • Distributed Tutored Video Instruction (D-TVI)
    • wired-together VCR controls; chat for discussion
    • may need to mix analog/digital technologies
  • "Awareness" tools
HTML version of Basic Foils prepared June 13 98

Foil 19 Work at Microsoft Research

From Role of Technology in Online Education and Training PET Training Session DoD HPC Modernization UGC -- June 2 98. *
Full HTML Index
Annotation framework
Collaboration for live presentations
Distributed tutored video instruction
Camera management
MURL Seminar Series
...
HTML version of Basic Foils prepared June 13 98

Foil 20 The Flatland Project

From Role of Technology in Online Education and Training PET Training Session DoD HPC Modernization UGC -- June 2 98. *
Full HTML Index
HTML version of Basic Foils prepared June 13 98

Foil 21 Extended Flatland

From Role of Technology in Online Education and Training PET Training Session DoD HPC Modernization UGC -- June 2 98. *
Full HTML Index
The whole session is recorded and compressed on-the-fly for on-demand access
The on-demand media is further annotatable, making it "living" content
Small group viewing possible in D-TVI mode
Value-added features like time-compression and various indexes into the content
HTML version of Basic Foils prepared June 13 98

Foil 22 MURL Seminar Series

From Role of Technology in Online Education and Training PET Training Session DoD HPC Modernization UGC -- June 2 98. *
Full HTML Index
Make key seminar series from major institutions available live and on-demand on a single web site
  • high quality, richly indexed content
  • enough concentration at a single site
Goals
  • increase awareness of advances in streaming
  • useful service
  • stimulus for further research
  • social issues: speaker-release forms, ...
Status
  • already have many key institutions signed up
  • plan to launch in July time frame
HTML version of Basic Foils prepared June 13 98

Foil 23 Concluding Remarks

From Role of Technology in Online Education and Training PET Training Session DoD HPC Modernization UGC -- June 2 98. *
Full HTML Index
It's a hot and important topic, so lots is happening
At this point, adequate technology base for takeoff
  • focus on new applications than new technology
  • asynchronous access will dominate
Key challenges
  • taking value beyond cost
  • business model and bootstrapping issues
Who will be the leaders in this new era?
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