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GLOBAL foilset Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs

Given by Geoffrey C. Fox at MPPOI 95 Conference on 24 October 95. Foils prepared 10 November 1995
Abstract * Foil Index for this file See also color IMAGE

This talk stresses that main opportunity for optical interconnects in HPCC is in MIMD systems varying from the full National Information Infrastructure to a tightly coupled (petaflop) MPP
We describe the WebWork project at NPAC, Cooperating Systems and Boston University which is studying use of Web Software Technology to integrate these two limits

Table of Contents for full HTML of Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs

1 Second International Conference on Massively Parallel Processing Using Optical Interconnections
2 Abstract of MPPOI Talk on Software Issues surrounding Use of Optical Interconnects in HPCC
3 Optical Connectivity and HPCC -- I
4 Optical Connectivity and HPCC -- II
5 Performance of High End Machines Years 1980-2000
6 Three Designs for a Year 2015 Petaflops machine with 0.05 micron technology
7 Category II Petaflop Architecture -- Network of microprocessors
8 Category III Petaflop Design -- Processor in Memory (PIM)
9 Superficial Observations on High Performance Computing-II
10 Superficial Observations on High Performance Communication
11 Some Implications of HPCC Observations
12 However we need more than fast enough machines
We also need a large enough market to sustain technology (systems and software)
13 A Survey of New York State Industrial Opportunities for HPCC was very influential for me and my group(NPAC)
14 The 33 Application areas were studied in detail:
Simulation (Roughly the Grand Challenges)
15 The 33 Application areas were studied in detail:
Information Analysis -- DataMining
16 The 33 Application areas were studied in detail:
InfoVision: Information, Video, Imagery and Simulation on Demand
17 The 33 Application areas were studied in detail:
Information Integration combining Simulation, Analysis and InfoVision
18 The Blue Books
Supplements to the President's Fiscal Year Budget
19 Grand Challenge Applications
20 National Challenge Applications
21 Architecture of Web Software
22 What is WebWindows ?
23 Is WebWindows an Operating System ?
24 Emerging Higher Level Web Integration Concepts -- I
25 NPAC Oracle 7 Web Interface -- Home Page
26 Web to Oracle Interface Screen 10: Query by Subject --2
27 Web to Oracle Interface Screen 14: Query Result -- Browse Mail Body --1
28 Some Relevant NII Services-I
29 WebServers and InfoVision as an example of Opportunity for MPP's on the NII
30 NII Compute & Communications Capability in Year 2000 --> 2005
31 Ultimate Vision and Implementation of NII and InfoVision
32 What is a Web or HPMMCC Network Server ?
33 Comments on Storage of Movies on HPCC WebServers
34 A Typical Hierarchical Server Network
35 Use of NII Services in Particular Applications -- Education
36 Living SchoolBook Access to Digital Discovery Channel Archive
37 VRML for Geographical Information system -- Western Long Island View-1 using WebView
38 2D Terrain Rendering for New York State Interactive Journey
39 The Weather Report accessed through the Interactive Journey
40 Fiber Link Across the Globe FLAG -- Topology
41 Some Relevant NII Services-II
42 Use of NII Services in Particular Applications
-- Manufacturing of Complex Systems
43 ASOP and Multidisciplinary Analysis and Design(MAD)
44 NII Enhances ASOP in a Multi-Organization Activity
45 Industrial/Academic/Government Consensus is ASOP Basis
46 ASOP Introduces Aerospace Paradigm Shifts
47 Figure 9: Example of use of VRML -- Black Hole Collision Diagram (NCSA)
48 What Is WebWork -- NPAC,
Boston University, Cooperating Systems Collaboration -- I?
49 What Is WebWork -- NPAC,
Boston University Cooperating Systems Collaboration -- II?
50 Some Key Features of WebWork
51 WebWork Architecture
52 Figure 2: WebWork -- System Overview with Three Layers
53 Figure 1:Server-to-Server Communication Diagram
54 Java Character Recognition Demo -- The Letter G
55 WebFlow Paradigm
56 Figure 7: Java demo (NPAC) -- WebFlow Editor prototype
57 Software Project Manager -- Example of Agent Middleware
58 Figure 8: Java demo (NPAC) -- WebFlow application prototype: Project Manager
59 General WebScript and Agents
60 Figure 3: WebTools CASE tools sample manual page Including hyper-source code
61 A WebWork Approach to Breaking Bank of England
62 WebHPL: HPCC Infrastructure for WebWindows
63 WebHPL -- Integrating Compiler and Interpreter Technologies

This table of Contents Abstract

HELP! * GREEN=global GREY=local HTML version of GLOBAL Foils prepared 10 November 1995

Foil 1 Second International Conference on Massively Parallel Processing Using Optical Interconnections

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
Invited Presentation
October 23-24 1995
Menger Hotel
San Antonio Texas
Geoffrey Fox
NPAC
Syracuse University
111 College Place
Syracuse NY 13244-4100
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Foil 2 Abstract of MPPOI Talk on Software Issues surrounding Use of Optical Interconnects in HPCC

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
This talk stresses that main opportunity for optical interconnects in HPCC is in MIMD systems varying from the full National Information Infrastructure to a tightly coupled (petaflop) MPP
We describe the WebWork project at NPAC, Cooperating Systems and Boston University which is studying use of Web Software Technology to integrate these two limits
HELP! * GREEN=global GREY=local HTML version of GLOBAL Foils prepared 10 November 1995

Foil 3 Optical Connectivity and HPCC -- I

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
There are appear to be two natural ways to use optical connections for HPCC
Firstly to support the National Information Infrastructure -- a closely connected set of computers
Secondly to implement communication on a closely coupled MPP
These are the national metacomputer versus local computer versions of "same" concept
In this presentation we point out that regarding software as a commodity just as hardware suggests that we should build software for NII and closely coupled MPP's from same basic commodity parts --
  • for software this implies use of Web Technology
  • for hardware this says use RISC chips for CPUs but
  • there is not consensus that should same ATM optical interconnects for MPP's and NII
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Foil 4 Optical Connectivity and HPCC -- II

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
The Petaflop conferences indicated that optical interconnections could well be essential to reach this performance even though clearly current (1995 Intel) Teraflop plans do not need optical connections for MPP supercomputers
Note this analysis does not say key problem is SIMD Image processing using optical computing but rather supporting general MIMD systems with optics
There are some interesting architectural issues in optical computing when you study NII as a "computer" as it has modest "bisection" bandwidth indicating data locality will be critical.
  • This implies an hierarchical architecture with replicated data
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Foil 5 Performance of High End Machines Years 1980-2000

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * Critical Information in IMAGE
Secs 33 Full HTML Index
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Foil 6 Three Designs for a Year 2015 Petaflops machine with 0.05 micron technology

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * Critical Information in IMAGE
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See Chapter 6 of Petaflops Report -- July 94
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Foil 7 Category II Petaflop Architecture -- Network of microprocessors

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * Critical Information in IMAGE
Full HTML Index
See Chapter 6 of Petaflops Report -- July 94
This architecture generalizes cutrrent IBM SP-2 type system and requires unlike Category I, data locality for the upto 40,000 CPU's to be able function efficiently with minimum communication overhead
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Foil 8 Category III Petaflop Design -- Processor in Memory (PIM)

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * Critical Information in IMAGE
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See Chapter 6 of Petaflops Report -- July 94
This design is an extrapolation of systems such as the J machine(Dally), Execube (Loral) or Mosaic(Seitz). It features CPU and memory integrated on the chip (PIM).
Unlike such systems today, in the year 2015 such PIM designs have substantial memory per processor
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Foil 9 Superficial Observations on High Performance Computing-II

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * See also color IMAGE
Secs 141 Full HTML Index
No silver programming bullet -- I doubt if new language will revolutionize parallel programmimng and make much easier
  • Hardware (shared memory) could be helpful
Social forces are tending to hinder adoption of parallel computing as most applications are areas where large scale computing already common
  • Parallelizing existing applications (porting sequential software) very hard
  • Opportunities offered by use of MPP's often require major organizational changes
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Foil 10 Superficial Observations on High Performance Communication

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * See also color IMAGE
Secs 86 Full HTML Index
ATM ISDN Wireless Satellite advancing rapidly in commercial arena which is adopting research rapidly
Social forces (deregulation in the U.S.A.) are tending to accelerate adoption of digital communication technologies
  • These are often NEW applications (porting of POTS relatively easy!) such as interactive TV/Shopping
  • Tremendous competition between different telecommunication sectors encourages new technology now to ensure future success
Not clear how to make money on Web(Internet) but growing interest/acceptance by general public
  • huge sales in home multimedia PC's -- comparable to TV's in volume
Integration of Communities and Opportunities
  • Computing and Communication and Information Industries merging -- similar impact on academic departments will(should) happen
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Foil 11 Some Implications of HPCC Observations

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * See also color IMAGE
Secs 63 Full HTML Index
Technology Opportunities in Integration of High Performance Computing and Communication Systems
  • Merging of networking, parallel computing, distributed comouting communities
  • This SOLVES previous difficulties observed for high performance computing as implies a much larger distributed (world-wide metacomputing) computing base
New Business opportunities linking Enterprise Information Systems to Community networks to current cable/network TV journalism
New educational needs at interface of computer science and communications/information applications
Major implications for education -- the Virtual University
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Foil 12 However we need more than fast enough machines
We also need a large enough market to sustain technology (systems and software)

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * Critical Information in IMAGE
Secs 89 Full HTML Index
This is both Grand Challenges augmented by National Challenges but also
Build HPCC technologies on a broad not niche base starting at bottom not top of computing pyramid
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Foil 13 A Survey of New York State Industrial Opportunities for HPCC was very influential for me and my group(NPAC)

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * See also color IMAGE
Secs 36 Full HTML Index
HELP! * GREEN=global GREY=local HTML version of GLOBAL Foils prepared 10 November 1995

Foil 14 The 33 Application areas were studied in detail:
Simulation (Roughly the Grand Challenges)

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * Critical Information in IMAGE
Secs 23 Full HTML Index
1:Computational Fluid Dynamics
2:Structural Dynamics
3:Electromagnetic Simulation
4:Scheduling
5:Environmental Modelling (with PDE's)
6:Environmental Phenomenology
7:Basic Chemistry
8:Molecular Dynamics
9:Economic Modelling
10:Network Simulations
11:Particle Transport Problems
12: Graphics
13:Integrated Complex Systems Simulations
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Foil 15 The 33 Application areas were studied in detail:
Information Analysis -- DataMining

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * See also color IMAGE
Secs 43 Full HTML Index
14:Seismic and Environmental Data Analysis
15:Image Processing
16:Statistical Analysis
17:Healthcare Fraud
18:Market Segmentation
Growing Area of Importance and reasonable near term MPP opportunity in decision support combined with parallel (relational) databases
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Foil 16 The 33 Application areas were studied in detail:
InfoVision: Information, Video, Imagery and Simulation on Demand

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * See also color IMAGE
Secs 37 Full HTML Index
19:Transaction Processing
20:Collaboration Support
21:Text on Demand
22:Video on Demand
23:Imagery on Demand
24:Simulation on Demand (education,financial modelling etc.) -- simulation is a "media"!
MPP's as High Performance Multimedia (database) servers -- WebServers
Excellent Medium term Opportunity for MPP enabled by National Information Infrastructure
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Foil 17 The 33 Application areas were studied in detail:
Information Integration combining Simulation, Analysis and InfoVision

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * See also color IMAGE
Secs 66 Full HTML Index
25:Military and Civilian Command and Control(Crisis Management)
26:Decision Support for Society (Community Servers)
27:Business Decision Support
28:Public Administration and Political Decision(Judgement) Support
29:Real-Time Control Systems
30:Electronic Banking
31:Electronic Shopping
32:(Agile) Manufacturing including Multidisciplinary Design/Concurrent Engineering
33:Education at K-12, University and Continuing levels
Largest Application of any Computer and Dominant HPCC Opportunity
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Foil 18 The Blue Books
Supplements to the President's Fiscal Year Budget

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
1992: Grand Challenges
1993: Grand Challenges
1994: Toward a National Information Infrastructure
1995: Technology for the National Information Infrastructure
1996: Foundation for America's Information Future
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Foil 19 Grand Challenge Applications

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * See also color IMAGE
Secs 112 Full HTML Index
Applied Fluid Dynamics
Meso- to Macro-Scale Environmental Modeling
Ecosystem Simulations
Biomedical Imaging and Biomechanics
Molecular Biology
Molecular design and Process Optimization
Cognition
Fundamental Computational sciences
Grand-Challenge-Scale Applications
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Foil 20 National Challenge Applications

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * See also color IMAGE
Secs 44 Full HTML Index
Digital Libraries
Public Access to Government Information
Electronic Commerce
Civil Infrastructure
Education and Lifelong Learning
Energy Management
Environmental Monitoring
Health Care
Maunfacturing Processes and Products
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Foil 21 Architecture of Web Software

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * Critical Information in IMAGE
Full HTML Index
Application Specific NII Specific Services for
  • Education
  • HealthCare
  • Commerce
  • Manufacturing etc.
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Foil 22 What is WebWindows ?

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
Like UNIX or MS-DOS or Windows 3.1(NT,95), WebWindows is an operating system for a "computer"
The "computer" is a metacomputer consisting of the 50,000 Webservers (currently--eventually hundreds of millions) on Internet for the World Wide Web
WebWindows can also be used for the metacomputer (collection of heterogeneous networked computers) which is a business enterprise system
  • We consider such an application as a collection of Webservers where we use Web technology to manage business information system.
  • suprisingly many companies looking at Web as alternative to Lotus Notes
WebWindows is a multi-client multi-server technology
  • Clients are Mosaic or Netscape and soon HotJava or better browsers
  • Servers are NCSA compatible HTTP servers with MUCH additional functionality coming from so-called CGI capability -- written in PERL or C++ typically
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Foil 23 Is WebWindows an Operating System ?

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
It does not provide multi-threading/multiu-user support, memory management, device drivers and such base services -- these are supplied by UNIX, Windows or Mac O/S
Rather it provides equivalent of higher level O/S services such as available under UNIX shell or applications supplied under Windows
In the future one will build applications for WebWindows not UNIX / PC windows etc.
Very interesting is WebWindows version of Lotus Notes to support Business Enterprise systems -- build from Web components such as those prototyped in WebTools
  • Include Personal Digital Assistant, Collaboration, Workflow etc.
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Foil 24 Emerging Higher Level Web Integration Concepts -- I

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
WebTools -- Early NPAC Prototype of WebWindows Equivalent to Program Manager with Navigation, File manipulation, Mail
WebDeskTop Publishing -- an early killer application under WebWindows supplanting Word, Wordperfect, LOTUS123 , Persuasion etc. Java allows clear powerful implementation.
WebRDBMS -- Integration of Relational and Distributed databases with both agent based heuristics, formal indices and free text search
Metadata -- Common attributes to allow integration and search of heterogeneous databases
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Foil 25 NPAC Oracle 7 Web Interface -- Home Page

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * Critical Information in IMAGE
Full HTML Index
Oracle 7 Interface to Usenet-Prepared October 27,1995

Associated material may be found starting at Oracle-Web Interface to Usenet and other Services
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Foil 26 Web to Oracle Interface Screen 10: Query by Subject --2

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * Critical Information in IMAGE
Full HTML Index
Produced by Gang Cheng April 1995

There is a larger Better Quality Image available
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Foil 27 Web to Oracle Interface Screen 14: Query Result -- Browse Mail Body --1

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * Critical Information in IMAGE
Full HTML Index
Produced by Gang Cheng April 1995

There is a larger Better Quality Image available
HELP! * GREEN=global GREY=local HTML version of GLOBAL Foils prepared 10 November 1995

Foil 28 Some Relevant NII Services-I

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
Desktop Publishing and Productivity Tools in WebWindows (WebTop Productivity/Publishing)
  • Webmail, WebWord, WebLOTUS123, WebPersuasion etc.
InfoVision: Delivery on Demand of Information from:
  • Digital archives of latest CNN, Reuters and network video
  • 100,000 hours of archives of video from last few years requiring some 100 terabyte of storage
  • Simulations of expected lake effect snow storm in Syracuse
  • This is storage, search and dissemination of multimedia Digital libraries
Commerce -- digital Cash and signatures with appropriate authentication and security. Enables both Web Commerce (shopping) and use of Web for proprietary information
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Foil 29 WebServers and InfoVision as an example of Opportunity for MPP's on the NII

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * Critical Information in IMAGE
Full HTML Index
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Foil 30 NII Compute & Communications Capability in Year 2000 --> 2005

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * Critical Information in IMAGE
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Each of three components (network connections, clients, servers) has capital value of order $10 to $100 Billion
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Foil 31 Ultimate Vision and Implementation of NII and InfoVision

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
InfoVision is ultimate "client-server" application
  • 108 clients -- each of which could be (small) servers -- in fact Web Technology will migrate to democratic "server-server" architecture
  • 104 large (~$10M) parallel servers -- each of which could have 1000 to 10000 nodes
Democracy on the NII (Gore)
  • Everybody can access information on the NII
  • Everybody has equal opportunity to put information on the NII
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Foil 32 What is a Web or HPMMCC Network Server ?

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * Critical Information in IMAGE
Full HTML Index
Web Servers use "Web Technology" to service World Wide Web and other forms of networked multimedia information
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Foil 33 Comments on Storage of Movies on HPCC WebServers

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
All the News and Sports Archives of Reuters correspond to about 25,000 hours of information
  • Would take about 25 terabytes of storage at VHS quality and about 10 times this for HDTV quality
Estimate similar storage needs for:
  • CNN archives
  • Total number (10,000) of possible interesting movies
Total storage about 100 terabytes today
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Foil 34 A Typical Hierarchical Server Network

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * Critical Information in IMAGE
Full HTML Index
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Foil 35 Use of NII Services in Particular Applications -- Education

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * See also color IMAGE
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This is basis of Virtual University and NII can be expected to be much more succesful than videosystems because interactive, collaborative, explorative and full multimedia information at student and teachers fingertips
Base of Distance Education is InfoVision for full interactive curricula
  • Note hyperlinking is as important as multimedia as allows student controlled exploration in richer fashion than old fashioned sequential books
  • Geographic Information Systems allows the general virtual field trip
Rich Collaboration environments including televirtual MOO's for student-student and student-teacher interactions
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Foil 36 Living SchoolBook Access to Digital Discovery Channel Archive

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * Critical Information in IMAGE
Full HTML Index
Searched on Inventions
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Foil 37 VRML for Geographical Information system -- Western Long Island View-1 using WebView

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * Critical Information in IMAGE
Full HTML Index
Using San Diego VRML Viewer Webview
Little Neck Bay in Northern Long Island (altitude exaggerated by factor 7)
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Foil 38 2D Terrain Rendering for New York State Interactive Journey

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * Critical Information in IMAGE
Full HTML Index
From Living Schoolbook Project
Hot buttons linking to weather page in Albany area
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Foil 39 The Weather Report accessed through the Interactive Journey

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * Critical Information in IMAGE
Full HTML Index
From Living Schoolbook Project
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Foil 40 Fiber Link Across the Globe FLAG -- Topology

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * Critical Information in IMAGE
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A NYNEX Joint Venture
This shows fiber draping Africa with coast off ramps
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Foil 41 Some Relevant NII Services-II

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * See also color IMAGE
Full HTML Index
Interactive and "batch" Collaboration
  • Desktop Video conferencing to 3 dimensional graphic MOOs -- these lead to full televirtual interactions
  • White boards etc.
  • Collaboratories -- Geographically distributed Laboratories
  • Workflow and configuration controlled databases
  • This leads to Software Engineering on the Web
Metacomputing -- the collection of world wide computers as a coordinated (in subgroups of computers) computational engine (for simulation or information processing)
  • Includes control of remote medical and scientific instruments
  • Searching the world for Information
  • Running a coarse grain decomposed simulation between ASOP sites around world
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Foil 42 Use of NII Services in Particular Applications
-- Manufacturing of Complex Systems

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * See also color IMAGE
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Critical feature is closely integrated collaboration of very many people and computers requiring
Metacomputing Simulation and distributed database support as in Collaboratory
Workflow support including configuration management and central CAD databases
Rich collaboration environment to support distributed design decisions
Standards and Security to allow interlinking of people and software from different organizations
Key special requirement is distributed coordination
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Foil 43 ASOP and Multidisciplinary Analysis and Design(MAD)

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A set of manufacturing companies -- Rockwell International, Northrop Grumman, McDonnell Douglas, General Electric and General Motors is studying the NII implications for a particular MAD system "Affordable Systems Optimization Process" (ASOP)
Interesting parameters are that next major aircraft to be built could involve:
  • 6 major companies and 20,000 smaller supplier subcontractors
  • Number of engineers involved is about:
    • 50 at conceptual design
    • 200 at preliminary design
    • 2000 at final design
    • upto 10,000 in manufacturing and development
  • The design could involve upto 10,000 separate programs running in small linked clusters which vary from
    • Airflow simulation around plane to
    • expert system to plan location of inspection port to minimize maintenance costs
  • Critical is configuration management and system database
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Foil 44 NII Enhances ASOP in a Multi-Organization Activity

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * Critical Information in IMAGE
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Foil 45 Industrial/Academic/Government Consensus is ASOP Basis

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * Critical Information in IMAGE
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Foil 46 ASOP Introduces Aerospace Paradigm Shifts

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * Critical Information in IMAGE
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Foil 47 Figure 9: Example of use of VRML -- Black Hole Collision Diagram (NCSA)

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * Critical Information in IMAGE
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A sample VRML page produced by Black Hole Simulation group at NCSA and displayed by SGI WebSpace, cooperating with Netscape Navigator.
A set of 3D spaces related to gravity research is represented as Netscape icons and linked to the corresponding VRML worlds.
WebSpace window displays one of these spaces -- a space-time diagram for two black hole collision ('Pair of Pants' diagram)
HELP! * GREEN=global GREY=local HTML version of GLOBAL Foils prepared 10 November 1995

Foil 48 What Is WebWork -- NPAC,
Boston University, Cooperating Systems Collaboration -- I?

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * See also color IMAGE
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WebWork is an open, world-wide distributed computing environment based on computationally extended Web Technologies
The backend computation and information infrastructure is provided by the World-Wide Virtual Machine -- a mesh of computationally extended Web Servers (called Compute Servers)
These servers manage (via CGI mechanisms) a collection of standardized computational units called WebWork Modules.
HELP! * GREEN=global GREY=local HTML version of GLOBAL Foils prepared 10 November 1995

Foil 49 What Is WebWork -- NPAC,
Boston University Cooperating Systems Collaboration -- II?

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * See also color IMAGE
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Geographically distributed and Web-published WebWork modules interact by HTTP/MIME based message/object passing and form distributed computing surfaces called Compute-Webs
The front-end user/client interfaces are provided by evolving Web browsers with increasing support for two-way interactivity (e.g. Java, VRML) that facilitates client side control and authoring.
A natural user-level metaphor -- WebFlow -- is supported in terms of visual interactive compute-web authoring tools.
HELP! * GREEN=global GREY=local HTML version of GLOBAL Foils prepared 10 November 1995

Foil 50 Some Key Features of WebWork

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * See also color IMAGE
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Implements the "Viable Base" Enterprise Model of HPCC Software identified in Pasadena2 workshop
This will allow good programming tools to be developed and mnaintained as larger enough base to support software industry
Implements a powerful software engineering framework for parallel computing by integrating parallel programming with the World Wide Web Productivity Tools
HELP! * GREEN=global GREY=local HTML version of GLOBAL Foils prepared 10 November 1995

Foil 51 WebWork Architecture

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * See also color IMAGE
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WebWork is based on a three-layer architecture shown in figure 2, including: World_Wide Virtual Machine (WWVM) in the (bottom) layer 1, Middleware layer 2 of agents, wrappers, mediators etc., and high level programming environments (e.g. HPFCL) and user interfaces (e.g. WebFlow) in the (top) layer 3.
All base WebWork concepts can be implemented in terms of today's Web technologies (HTTP, MIME, CGI) and a prototype is under development at NPAC.
The overall design is open and ready to upgrade the existent (e.g. browsers or servers) and include new (e.g. agents or distributed object brokers) Internet/Web technologies
One starting point for the WebWork construction is provided by NPAC WebTools -- a CGI-extended Web server with enhanced content authoring and database navigation functionalities. WebTools Server is used as a prototype WebWork node server.
HELP! * GREEN=global GREY=local HTML version of GLOBAL Foils prepared 10 November 1995

Foil 52 Figure 2: WebWork -- System Overview with Three Layers

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * Critical Information in IMAGE
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Illustrates 3 base layers of WebWork architecture and all main system components.
A 4--node compute-web is represented
  • by WebFlow icons in Layer 3,
  • by Java threads in Layer 2, and
  • by WWVM modules in Layer 1.
Java/HotJava model is used for WebFlow front-end implementation

The paper describing this project is available at SCCS715 in NPAC technical report series
HELP! * GREEN=global GREY=local HTML version of GLOBAL Foils prepared 10 November 1995

Foil 53 Figure 1:Server-to-Server Communication Diagram

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * Critical Information in IMAGE
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Illustrates implementation of WebWork message passing in terms of
  • a): current Web technologies (HTTP/CGI), and
  • b) next generation multithreaded compute-servers
This diagram illustrates point-to-point communication between Web servers, used to implement a webflow channel between compute-web modules. Two extreme implementation modes are described: a) based on today's Web server technology, and b) based on thread memory mapped high performance implementation, expected in future Web compute-servers. Subsequent steps, represented by a sequence of labelled lines in the figure, are described below in both implementation modes.
a) Today's Web server mode: (1) -- M1 locks O1 on S1 disk. (2) -- M1 sends POST HTTP message to S2 with M2 URL in the header sector and with O1 URL in the body sector. (3) -- S2 activates M2 via CGI and passes O1 URL as a command-line argument. (4) -- M2 sends GET method to S1 with O1 URL in the header. (5) -- S1 fetches O1 from its document tree. (6) -- S1 sends the content of O1 to M2 which completes the GET exchange. (7) -- M2 saves O1 by overwriting current I2 on the S2 disk. If I2 is locked, M2 waits (blocks). (8) -- After O1 is saved on the S2 disk, M2 returns 'end-of-transfer' acknowledgment to M1 which completes the POST exchange. (9) -- M1 unlocks O1 and exists.
b) Compute-server (future Web server) mode: (1) - M1 locks its memory object O1. (2) - M1 checks if socket connection to M2 is in M1 connection table. If yes, go to (5) below. Otherwise, M1 connects to S2 and sends M2 creation script. (3) - S2 spawns M2 and acknowledges. (4) - M1 receives acknowledge message and saves new socket in connection table. (5) - M1 gets O1 handle. (6) - M1 writes O1 to M2 using socket lib calls. (7) - M2 reads O1 using socket lib calls. If I2 is free, O1 buffer is copied directly to I2 buffer. If I2 is locked, M2 creates O1 clone and blocks. (8) - M2 sends acknowledge to M1. (9) - M1 unlocks O1 and blocks.
HELP! * GREEN=global GREY=local HTML version of GLOBAL Foils prepared 10 November 1995

Foil 54 Java Character Recognition Demo -- The Letter G

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * Critical Information in IMAGE
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Latest results prepared for HPDC95 Tutorial August 1,1995
HELP! * GREEN=global GREY=local HTML version of GLOBAL Foils prepared 10 November 1995

Foil 55 WebFlow Paradigm

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * See also color IMAGE
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User-level WebWork metaphor is given by WebFlow -- a distributed dataflow model built in terms of WebWork modules and MIME object/document communication channels.
  • Think as Web versions of AVS or Khoros
WebWork users will build and control distributed computing applications (compute-webs) using Web browsers based visual interactive editors and monitors.
We are currently prototyping such WebFlow front-ends at NPAC using Java/HotJava model. WebWork modules are represented by Java threads (Screen 6) and visualized as interactive interconnected icons (Screen 7)
HELP! * GREEN=global GREY=local HTML version of GLOBAL Foils prepared 10 November 1995

Foil 56 Figure 7: Java demo (NPAC) -- WebFlow Editor prototype

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * Critical Information in IMAGE
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Early prototype of AVS or Khoros like visual compute-web editor.
Two interactive modes are supported:
  • a) module placement, and
  • b) module linking.
In mode a), each click in the active editor window places a new module box there.
In mode b), each click on module port generates links with all other modules.
HELP! * GREEN=global GREY=local HTML version of GLOBAL Foils prepared 10 November 1995

Foil 57 Software Project Manager -- Example of Agent Middleware

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * See also color IMAGE
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One current WebWork/WebFlow application, prototyped at NPAC, is Software Project Manager (Screen 8). Each software developer runs his/her WebTools server and uses HySource CASE tools. These servers are WWVM-connected to agent and manager servers. Agent server receives automatic notifications from developers servers on each software volume update, and uses customizable thresholds to decide when to fire a report to the manager or a deadline reminder to a developer.
Software Project Manager tools contains a simple agent server that mediates between client/consumer ( here manager) and servers/producers (here developers).
HELP! * GREEN=global GREY=local HTML version of GLOBAL Foils prepared 10 November 1995

Foil 58 Figure 8: Java demo (NPAC) -- WebFlow application prototype: Project Manager

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * Critical Information in IMAGE
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A front-end for the software project manager tool.
Three types of modules are supported:
  • a) developers,
  • b) software agent,
  • c) project manager.
Developer modules are linked to the agent module and report automatically all changes in the software volume (handled by WebTools CASE toolkit integrated with WebTools editor).
The agent module integrates the results and uses customizable threshold to decide when to fire a report to the manager or a deadline reminder to a developer.
HELP! * GREEN=global GREY=local HTML version of GLOBAL Foils prepared 10 November 1995

Foil 59 General WebScript and Agents

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * See also color IMAGE
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More generally, this Middleware Layer 2 will be rather complex and populated by a spectrum of proprietary (e.g. Telescript, ScriptX, CORBA) and public (e.g. Perl, Tcl, Harvest, Java, VRML) scripted languages, brokers, agents, wrappers, mediators etc. see Screens
In WebWork, we refer collectively by WebScript to the whole ensable of these models.
At the current stage, it isn't clear if WebScript as a common intermediate language is a practical concept. An alternative is to live in the multi-language Web medium and emply interoperability agents to translate between various protocols.
Practical initial implementation platfrom for this dual approch is provided in WebWork by an integrated collection of WebTools CASE tools based HySource Worlds for various languages.
HELP! * GREEN=global GREY=local HTML version of GLOBAL Foils prepared 10 November 1995

Foil 60 Figure 3: WebTools CASE tools sample manual page Including hyper-source code

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * Critical Information in IMAGE
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HyPerl World page, generated automatically by the WebTools CASE package, and integrating documentation with the source.
More generally, we call by HySource the hypertext documentation with navigable source code included.
Function calls and external variable references are 'blue' and point to the corresponding HySource pages.
HELP! * GREEN=global GREY=local HTML version of GLOBAL Foils prepared 10 November 1995

Foil 61 A WebWork Approach to Breaking Bank of England

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * See also color IMAGE
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RSA155 requires about 300 teraops hours to solve with NFS
RSA129 needed about an order of magnitude less time. Can be done today faster if use Number Field Sieve
We have roughly one to five million independent calculations which form the rows of matrix (after clever graph theory manipulates and combines)
Set of master servers publish problem to solved with suitable demos, description of algorithm and full marketing attention.
  • Clients download software, run tests and certify with test case.
  • Clients pick the set of a's they hope to do in a week
  • PC's pick the smaller numbers needing less memory and CPU power
  • Cray's pick the largest hardest numbers
Clients return results -- not so easy except by email and cut and paste
Best done as a set of cooperating servers where server performing factorization publishs it solution as a file on the WWW.
Cooperating servers also better for computer administrators as can control set of clients at a given site
Initially use humans but replace by agents when software ready
HELP! * GREEN=global GREY=local HTML version of GLOBAL Foils prepared 10 November 1995

Foil 62 WebHPL: HPCC Infrastructure for WebWindows

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * See also color IMAGE
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In WebWork, we also propose an interpreter of HPFCL -- High Performance Fortran Coordination Language, which will support coarse grain distributed HPF computation. Compiled HPF modules, published on individual nodes of the WWVM, will be easily invoked by HPFCL scripts, integrated with GUI front-ends (such as Khoros etc.) and employed in collective computation on the WWVM.
In WebHPL we further explore the concept of interpreted HPCC language environments and we propose an object-oriented Web based parallel programming environment supporting HPF and C++ for distributed metacomputing.
WebHPL, or Web based High Performance Languages, is our most ambitious project in the area of Web and HPCC integration. It addresses both base software engineering and applications, and it refers both to backend and frontend layers of language compilers and interpreters, seeking a uniform programming model for interactive HPCC.
HELP! * GREEN=global GREY=local HTML version of GLOBAL Foils prepared 10 November 1995

Foil 63 WebHPL -- Integrating Compiler and Interpreter Technologies

From Software and System Issues in use of Optical Interconnects in MPPs MPPOI 95 Conference -- 24 October 95. * See also color IMAGE
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WebHPL is a hybrid Compiled/Interpreted environment with a more or less seamless use interface.
We use compilers or optimized message passing in the local environments where low latency hardware benefits from careful optimization.
We use interpreters where flexibility and power (e.g. fault tolerance) of agent approach beneficial and performance overhead in software matches intrinsic lower performance of hardware.
We expect that our two-prong approach in WebHPL, attacking the problem both from the full compiler and the full interpreter perspective, will result in an interesting software engineering framework, 'scalable' along the compiler<--->interpreter axis.
The interpolation mechanism along this axis is provided in terms of domain specific "little languages" that are interpreted but operate on compiled modules. UNIX shell, Perl or Tcl are examples of sequential little languages. WebHPL will develop parallel analogs.
Northeast Parallel Architectures Center, Syracuse University, npac@npac.syr.edu

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