\begin{thebibliography}{10}

\bibitem[Ballard:82a]{Ballard:82a}
Ballard, D.~H., and Brown, C.~M.
\newblock {\em Computer Vision}.
\newblock Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 07632, 1982.


\bibitem[Ballard:86a]{Ballard:86a}
Ballard, D.~H.
\newblock ``Cortical connections and parallel processing: Structure and
  function,'' {\em The Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, 9:67--120, 1986.


\bibitem[Barraguard:90a]{Barraguard:90a}
Barraguard, J., and Latombe, J.~C.
\newblock ``A monte carlo algorithm for path planning with many degrees of
  freedom,'' in {\em Proceedings of 1990 {IEEE} Robotics and Automation
  Conference}, May 1990.
\newblock Held in Cincinnati, May 13--18, 1990.


\bibitem[Battiti:91a]{Battiti:91a}
Battiti, R.
\newblock ``Real-time multiscale vision on multicomputers,'' {\em Concurrency:
  Practice and Experience}, 3(2):55--87, 1991.
\newblock Accepted for Publication.
\newblock Caltech Report C3P-932b.


\bibitem[Blackman:86a]{Blackman:86a}
Blackman, S.~S.
\newblock {\em Multiple-Target Tracking with Radar Applications}.
\newblock Artech House, Dedham, MA, 1986.


\bibitem[Brooks:83b]{Brooks:83b}
Brooks, B.~R., Bruccoleri, R.~E., Olafson, B.~D., States, D.~J., Swaminathan,
  S., and Karplus, M.
\newblock ``{CHARMM:} a program for macromolecular energy, minimization, and
  dynamics calculations,'' {\em J. Comput. Chem}, 4(2):187--217, 1983.


\bibitem[Burgeios:71a]{Burgeios:71a}
Burgeios, F., and Lassalle, J.~C.
\newblock ``An extension of munkres algorithm for the assignment problem to
  rectangular matrices,'' {\em Comm. of the {ACM}}, 14:802, 1971.


\bibitem[Duane:86a]{Duane:86a}
Duane, S., and Kogut, J.
\newblock ``The theory of hybrid stochastic algorithms,'' {\em Nucl. Phys.},
  275:398, 1986.


\bibitem[Duane:87a]{Duane:87a}
Duane, S., Kennedy, A.~D., Pendleton, B.~J., and Roweth, D.
\newblock ``Hybrid {Monte Carlo},'' {\em Physics Letters B}, 195:216--220,
  1987.


\bibitem[Durbin:87a]{Durbin:87a}
Durbin, R., and Wilshaw, D.
\newblock ``An analogue approach to the traveling salesman problem using an
  elastic net method,'' {\em Nature}, 326:689--691, 1987.


\bibitem[Durbin:89a]{Durbin:89a}
Durbin, A., Szeliski, R., and Yuille, A.
\newblock ``An analysis of the elastic net approach to the {Travelling Salesman
  Problem},'' {\em Neural Computation}, 1:348--358, 1989.


\bibitem[Fox:80a]{Fox:80a}
Fox, G.~C.
\newblock ``Jet production in high-energy {Hadron-Proton} collisions,'' {\em
  Nuclear PHysics B}, 171:38, 1980.
\newblock (with experimental groups at Caltech, UCLA, Chicago Circle, Fermilab
  and Indiana).


\bibitem[Fox:85a]{Fox:85a}
Fox, G., Otto, S.~W., and Umland, E.~A.
\newblock ``{Monte Carlo} physics on a concurrent processor,'' {\em Journal of
  Statistical Physics}, 43(5/6), June 1986.
\newblock Proceedings of the Conference on Frontiers of Quantum {Monte Carlo},
  September 3--6, 1985 at Los Alamos.
\newblock Caltech Report C3P-214.


\bibitem[Fox:86a]{Fox:86a}
Fox, G., and Otto, S.
\newblock ``Concurrent computation and the theory of complex systems,'' in
  M.~T. Heath, editor, {\em Hypercube Multiprocessors}, pages 244--268. SIAM,
  Philadelphia, 1986.
\newblock Caltech Report C3P-255.


\bibitem[Fox:86h]{Fox:86h}
Fox, G., Kolawa, A., and Williams, R.
\newblock ``The implementation of a dynamic load balancer,'' in M.~T. Heath,
  editor, {\em Hypercube Multiprocessors}, pages 114--121. SIAM, Philadelphia,
  1987.
\newblock Caltech Report C3P-328.


\bibitem[Fox:88a]{Fox:88a}
Fox, G.~C., Johnson, M.~A., Lyzenga, G.~A., Otto, S.~W., Salmon, J.~K., and
  Walker, D.~W.
\newblock {\em Solving Problems on Concurrent Processors}, volume~1.
\newblock Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632, 1988.


\bibitem[Fox:88e]{Fox:88e}
Fox, G.~C., and Furmanski, W.
\newblock ``Load balancing loosely synchronous problems with a neural
  network,'' in G.~C. Fox, editor, {\em The Third Conference on Hypercube
  Concurrent Computers and Applications, Volume 1}, pages 241--278. ACM Press,
  11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036, January 1988.
\newblock Caltech Report C3P-363b.


\bibitem[Fox:88f]{Fox:88f}
Fox, G.~C., and Furmanski, W.
\newblock ``A string theory for time dependent complex systems and its
  application to automatic decomposition,'' in G.~C. Fox, editor, {\em The
  Third Conference on Hypercube Concurrent Computers and Applications, Volume
  1}, pages 285--305. ACM Press, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036,
  January 1988.
\newblock Caltech Report C3P-521.


\bibitem[Fox:88kk]{Fox:88kk}
Fox, G.~C., Furmanski, W., Ho, A., Koller, J., Simic, P., and Wong, Y.~F.
\newblock ``Neural networks and dynamic complex systems.'' Technical Report
  C3P-695, California Institute of Technology, December 1988.
\newblock Proceedings of 1989 SCS Eastern Conference , Tampa, Florida, March
  28--31, 1989.


\bibitem[Fox:88mm]{Fox:88mm}
Fox, G.~C.
\newblock ``A review of automatic load balancing and decomposition methods for
  the hypercube,'' in M.~Schultz, editor, {\em Numerical Algorithms for Modern
  Parallel Computer Architectures}, pages 63--76. Springer-Verlag, 1988.
\newblock Caltech Report C3P-385.


\bibitem[Fox:88tt]{Fox:88tt}
Fox, G.~C., and Furmanski, W.
\newblock ``The physical structure of concurrent problems and concurrent
  computers,'' {\em Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A}, 326:411--444, 1988.
\newblock Caltech Report C3P-493.


\bibitem[Fox:88uu]{Fox:88uu}
Fox, G.~C., and Furmanski, W.
\newblock ``The physical structure of concurrent problems and concurrent
  computers,'' in R.~J. Elliott and C.~A.~R. Hoare, editors, {\em Scientific
  Applications of Multiprocessors}, pages 55--88. Prentice Hall, 1988.
\newblock Caltech Report C3P-493.


\bibitem[Fox:89h]{Fox:89h}
Fox, G.~C.
\newblock ``A note on neural networking for trackfinding.'' Technical Report
  C3P-748, California Institute of Technology, March 1989.
\newblock Unpublished.


\bibitem[Fox:89q]{Fox:89q}
Fox, G.~C., Furmanski, W., and Koller, J.
\newblock ``The use of neural networks in parallel software systems,'' {\em
  Mathematics and Computers in Simulation}, 31(6):485--495, 1989.
\newblock Elsevier Science Publishers B. V. (North-Holland).
\newblock Caltech Report C3P-642b.


\bibitem[Fox:89aa]{Fox:89aa}
Fox, G.~C., Gurewitz, E., and Wong, Y.
\newblock ``A neural network approach to multi-vehicle navigation.'' Technical
  Report C3P-833, California Institute of Tehcnology, October 1989.
\newblock Published in Proceedings of SPIE Conference, Philadelphia.


\bibitem[Fox:90e]{Fox:90e}
Fox, G.~C., Gurewitz, E., and Wong, Y.
\newblock ``A neural network approach to multi-vehicle navigation,'' in D.~W.
  Walker and Q.~F. Stout, editors, {\em The Fifth Distributed Memory Computing
  Conference, Volume~{I}}, pages 148--152, 10662 Los Vaqueros Circle, P. O. Box
  3014, Los Alamitos, California 90720-1264, 1990. {IEEE} Computer Society
  Press.
\newblock Held April 9--12, Charleston, South Carolina.
\newblock Caltech Report C3P-910.


\bibitem[Fox:90k]{Fox:90k}
Fox, G.~C.
\newblock ``Applications of the generalized elastic net to navigation.''
  Technical Report C3P-930, California Institute of Technology, June 1990.
\newblock Unpublished.


\bibitem[Fox:90l]{Fox:90l}
Fox, G.~C.
\newblock ``A complex system model for {Eastern Europe}.'' Technical Report
  C3P-931, California Institute of Technology, June 1990.
\newblock Unpublished.


\bibitem[Fox:91b]{Fox:91b}
Fox, G.~C.
\newblock ``Approaches to physical optimization.'' Technical Report C3P-959,
  California Institute of Technology, April 1991.
\newblock CRPC-TR91124, SCCS-92, Submitted to SIAM J. Sci. Stat. Comp. for
  publication.


\bibitem[Gandhi:90a]{Gandhi:90a}
Gandhi, A., and Fox, G.~C.
\newblock ``Solving problems in navigation.'' Technical Report SCCS-9, Syracuse
  University, 1990.
\newblock Unpublished.


\bibitem[Gandhi:90b]{Gandhi:90b}
Gandhi, A., and Fox, G.~C.
\newblock ``Physical optimization for navigation and robot manipulation.''
  Technical Report SCCS-43, Syracuse University, 1990.
\newblock Unpublished.


\bibitem[Gottlieb:87a]{Gottlieb:87a}
Gottlieb, S.~A., Liu, W., Toussaint, D., Renken, R.~L., and Sugar, R.~L.
\newblock ``Hybrid-molecular-dynamics algorithms for the numerical simulation
  of quantum chromodynamics,'' {\em Phys. Rev. D}, 35:2531, 1987.


\bibitem[Gottschalk:88a]{Gottschalk:88a}
Gottschalk, T.~D.
\newblock ``Concurrent multiple target tracking,'' in G.~C. Fox, editor, {\em
  The Third Conference on Hypercube Concurrent Computers and Applications,
  Volume 2}, pages 1247--1268. ACM Press, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY
  10036, January 1988.
\newblock Caltech Report C3P-567.


\bibitem[Gottschalk:90a]{Gottschalk:90a}
Gottschalk, T.~D.
\newblock ``Concurrent implementation of {Munkres} algorithm,'' in D.~W. Walker
  and Q.~F. Stout, editors, {\em The Fifth Distributed Memory Computing
  Conference, Volume~{I}}, pages 52--57, 10662 Los Vaqueros Circle, P. O. Box
  3014, Los Alamitos, California 90720-1264, 1990. {IEEE} Computer Society
  Press.
\newblock Held April 9--12, Charleston, South Carolina.
\newblock Caltech Report C3P-899.


\bibitem[Gottschalk:90b]{Gottschalk:90b}
Gottschalk, T.~D.
\newblock ``Concurrent multi-target tracking,'' in D.~W. Walker and Q.~F.
  Stout, editors, {\em The Fifth Distributed Memory Computing Conference,
  Volume~{I}}, pages 85--88, 10662 Los Vaqueros Circle, P. O. Box 3014, Los
  Alamitos, California 90720-1264, 1990. {IEEE} Computer Society Press.
\newblock Held April 9--12, Charleston, South Carolina.
\newblock Caltech Report C3P-908.


\bibitem[Gurewitz:89b]{Gurewitz:89b}
Gurewitz, E., Fox, G.~C., and Wong, Y.-F.
\newblock ``Parallel algorithm for one and two-vehicle navigation.'' Technical
  Report C3P-852, California Institute of Technology, 1989.
\newblock Published in the Proceedings of the 1990 IEEE International Workshop
  on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IROS'90 held in Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan,
  July 1990.


\bibitem[Gurewitz:90a]{Gurewitz:90a}
Gurewitz, E., Fox, G.~C., and Wong, Y.-F.
\newblock ``Parallel algorithm for one and two-vehicle navigation,'' in D.~W.
  Walker and Q.~F. Stout, editors, {\em The Fifth Distributed Memory Computing
  Conference, Volume~{I}}, pages 140--147, 10662 Los Vaqueros Circle, P. O. Box
  3014, Los Alamitos, California 90720-1264, 1990. {IEEE} Computer Society
  Press.
\newblock Held April 9--12, Charleston, South Carolina.
\newblock Caltech Report C3P-876.


\bibitem[Heinzinger:90a]{Heinzinger:90a}
Heinzinger, G., Jacobs, P., Canny, J., and Paden, B.
\newblock ``Time-optimal trajectories for a robot manipulator: A provably good
  approximation algorithm,'' in {\em Proceedings of 1990 {IEEE} Robotics and
  Automation Conference}, May 1990.
\newblock Held in Cincinnati, May 13--18, 1990.


\bibitem[Hopfield:85b]{Hopfield:85b}
Hopfield, J., and Tank, D.
\newblock ``{``Neural''} computation of decisions in optimization problems,''
  {\em Biol. Cybern.}, 52:141--152, 1985.


\bibitem[Hopfield:86a]{Hopfield:86a}
Hopfield, J.~J., and Tank, D.~W.
\newblock ``Computing with neural circuits: a model,'' {\em Science}, 233:625,
  1986.


\bibitem[Illingworth:88a]{Illingworth:88a}
Illingworth, J., and Kittler, J.
\newblock ``A survey of the {Hough Transform},'' {\em Computer Vision, Graphics
  and Image Processing}, 44:87--116, 1988.


\bibitem[Jones:80a]{Jones:80a}
Jones, S.~T.
\newblock ``Solving problems involving variable terrain, {Part I:} a general
  algorithm,'' {\em {BYTE}}, February 1980.


\bibitem[Kirkpatrick:83a]{Kirkpatrick:83a}
Kirkpatrick, S., Gelatt, C.~D., and Vecchi, M.~P.
\newblock ``Optimization by simulated annealing,'' {\em Science}, 220:671--680,
  May 1983.


\bibitem[Kuczewski:88a]{Kuczewski:88a}
Kuczewski, R.~M.
\newblock {\em Neural Network Approaches to Multi-Target Tracking}.
\newblock {TRW MEAD}, 1988.


\bibitem[Kuhn:55a]{Kuhn:55a}
Kuhn, H.~W.
\newblock ``The {Hungarian} method for the assignment problem,'' {\em Naval
  Research Logistics Quarterly}, 2:83, 1955.


\bibitem[Martin:89a]{Martin:89a}
Martin, O., Otto, S.~W., and Felten, E.~W.
\newblock ``Large-step {Markov} chains for the traveling salesman problem.''
  Technical Report C3P-836, California Institute of Technology, August 1989.
\newblock Submitted to Operations Research.


\bibitem[Papadimitriou:82a]{Papadimitriou:82a}
Papadimitriou, C.~H., and Steiglitz, K.
\newblock {\em Combinatorial Optimization: Algorithms and Complexity}.
\newblock Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1982.


\bibitem[Rose:89b]{Rose:89b}
Rose, K., Gurewitz, E., and Fox, Geoffrey, C.
\newblock ``A nonconvex cost optimization approach to tracking multiple targets
  by a parallel computational network.'' Technical Report C3P-853, California
  Institute of Technology, 1989.
\newblock Published in Proceedings of the 1990 IEEE International Workshop on
  Intelligent Robots and Systems, IROS'90 held in Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan,
  July 1990.


\bibitem[Rose:90a]{Rose:90a}
Rose, K., Gurewitz, E., and Fox, G.
\newblock ``A deterministic annealing approach to clustering,'' {\em Pattern
  Recognition Letters}, 11(9):589--594, September 1990.
\newblock Caltech Report C3P-857.


\bibitem[Rose:90b]{Rose:90b}
Rose, K., Gurewitz, E., and Fox, Geoffrey, C.
\newblock ``A nonconvex cost optimization approach to tracking multiple targets
  by a parallel computational network,'' in D.~W. Walker and Q.~F. Stout,
  editors, {\em The Fifth Distributed Memory Computing Conference, Volume~{I}},
  pages 78--84, 10662 Los Vaqueros Circle, P. O. Box 3014, Los Alamitos,
  California 90720-1264, 1990. {IEEE} Computer Society Press.
\newblock Held April 9--12, Charleston, South Carolina.
\newblock Caltech Report C3P-875.


\bibitem[Rose:90c]{Rose:90c}
Rose, K., Gurewitz, E., and Fox, G.~C.
\newblock ``Statistical mechanics and phase transitions in clustering,'' {\em
  Physical Review Letters}, 65(8):945--948, August 1990.
\newblock Caltech Report C3P-893.


\bibitem[Rose:90d]{Rose:90d}
Rose, K., Gurewitz, E., and Fox, G.~C.
\newblock ``Vector quantization by deterministic annealing.'' Technical Report
  C3P-895, California Institute of Technology, May 1990.
\newblock Submitted to IEEE Transaction on Information Theory.


\bibitem[Rose:90e]{Rose:90e}
Rose, K., Gurewitz, E., and Fox, G.~C.
\newblock ``Constrained clustering as an optimization method.'' Technical
  Report C3P-919, California Institute of Technology, June 1990.
\newblock submitted to the IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine
  Intelligence.


\bibitem[Rose:90f]{Rose:90f}
Rose, K.
\newblock {\em Deterministic Annealing, Clustering, and Optimization}.
\newblock PhD thesis, California Institute of Technology, December 1990.
\newblock Caltech Report C3P-950.


\bibitem[Sergupta:88a]{Sergupta:88a}
Sergupta, D., and Iltis, R.~A.
\newblock ``A neural-network solution to the data association problem in
  multiple target tracking,'' {\em {IEEE} Trans. Aerospace and Electronic
  Systems}, 1988.
\newblock To be published.


\bibitem[Simic:90a]{Simic:90a}
Simic, P.
\newblock ``Statistical mechanics as the underlying theory of `elastic' and
  `neural' optimizations,'' {\em Network}, 1:89--103, January 1990.
\newblock Caltech Report C3P-787.


\bibitem[Stein:89a]{Stein:89a}
Stein, D.~L., editor.
\newblock {\em Lectures in the Sciences of Complexity}, volume~1.
\newblock Addison-Wesley, Redwood City, California, lectures edition, 1989.
\newblock Santa Fe Institute Studies in the Sciences of Complexity.


\bibitem[Terzopoulos:83a]{Terzopoulos:83a}
Terzopoulos, D.
\newblock ``Multilevel computational processes for visual surface
  reconstruction,'' {\em Computer Vision Graphics and Image Processing},
  24:52--96, 1983.


\bibitem[Terzopoulos:86a]{Terzopoulos:86a}
Terzopoulos, D.
\newblock ``Image analysis using multigrid relaxation methods,'' {\em IEEE
  Trans. Pattern Analysis Machine Intelligence}, 8:129, 1986.


\bibitem[Wilson:88a]{Wilson:88a}
Wilson, G.~V., and Pawley, G.~C.
\newblock ``On the stability of the travelling salesman problem algorithm of
  {Hopfield and Tank},'' {\em Biol. Cybern.}, 58:63--70, 1988.


\bibitem[Williams:91a]{Williams:91a}
Williams, R.~D.
\newblock ``Performance of load balancing algorithms for unstructured mesh
  calculations,'' {\em Concurrency: Practice and Experience}, 1991.
\newblock Accepted for Publication.
\newblock Caltech Report C3P-913b.


\end{thebibliography}
