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As shown above, caches are familiar in the real world -- here to support movement of food from manufacturer to your larder. It would be inconvenient to drive to the store for every item needed -- it is more convenient to cache items in your larder
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Caches store instructions and data -- often in separate caches
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Cache have a total size but also the cache line size which is minimum unit transferred into cache -- this due to spatial locality is often quite big.
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They also have a "write-back" strategy to define when information is written back from cache into primary memory
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Factory
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Level 3 Middleman Warehouse
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Level 2 Middleman Warehouse
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Local Supermarket
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Your Larder
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CPU -- The Frying pan
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