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Memory is physically distributed among processors; each local memory is directly accessible only by its processor.
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Similar to buying an ordinary workstation, each component of a distributed memory parallel system is, in most cases, a self-contained environment, capable of acting independently of all other processors in the system.
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To achieve the true benefits of this system, there must be a way for all of the processors to act in concert, which means "control"
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Synchronisation is achieved by moving data between processors (communication).
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