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Large systems reach equilibrium and ensemble properties (temperature, pressure, specific heat, ...) can be found statistically. This is essentially law of large numbers (central limit theorem).
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The resultant approach moves particles "randomly" asccording to some probability and NOT deterministically as in Newton's laws
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Many properties of particle systems can be calculated either by Monte Carlo or by Particle Dynamics. Monte Carlo is harder as cannot evolve particles independently.
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This can lead to (soluble!) difficulties in parallel algorithms as lack of independence implies that synchronization issues.
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Many quantum systems treated just like statistical physics as quantum theory built on probability densities
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