Full HTML for

Scripted foilset Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview

Given by Geoffrey C. Fox at CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science on Fall Semester 95. Foils prepared 29 August 1995
Outside Index Summary of Material

Overview of National Program -- The Grand Challenges
Overview of Technology Trends leading to petaflop performance in year 2015
Overview of Syracuse and National programs in computational science
Parallel Computing in Society
Parallel and Sequential Computer Architectures
Why Parallel Computing works
Message Passing and Data Parallel Programming Paradigms
Laplace Equation with Iterative solver in detail
Set (approximately 6) of application/algorithm snippets illustrating software, hardware and algorithm issues

Table of Contents for full HTML of Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview

 Denote Foils where Image Critical
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1 CPS615 -- Base Course for the Simulation Track of Computational Science
Fall Semester 1995 --
Lecture Stream 1
2 Abstract of CPS615 Base Course of Computational Science Simulation Track
3 Basic Course CPS615 Contact Points
4 Course Structure
5 Basic Structure of Course -- I
6 Basic Structure of the Course - II
7 The Technology
Driving Forces for HPCC
8 Effect of Feature Size on Performance
9 Growing Logic Chip Density
10 Trends in Feature and Die Size as a Function of Time
11 Supercomputer Memory Sizes and trends in RAM Density
12 Comparison of Trends in RAM Density and CPU Performance Increases
13 National Roadmap for Semiconductor Technology --1992
14 CMOS Technology and Parallel Processor Chip Projections
15 What and Why is Computational Science ?
16 Parallelism Implies Major Changes which have significant educational Implications
17 What is Computational Science?
18 What do we have at Syracuse University?
19 Program in Computational Science
Implemented within current academic framework
20 Methodology for Computation
21 Usefulness of Computational Science Degrees:
22 Syracuse Computational Science Academic Programs -- Masters Degree
23 Syracuse Graduate Computational Science Academic Programs
24 Computational Science Courses -- Typical CPS615 Module
25 Computational Science Courses -- CPS713
26 Some Academic Areas and their Relation to Computational Science
27 Program in Information Age Computational Science Implemented Within Current Academic Program
28 Federal 1994 Blue Book Comparison of National and Grand Challenges
29 Overview of Draft Curriculum for CPS616
30 What we taught this Spring CPS600 --
"Technologies for Webwindows" --
The next generation (meta)Computing and Communications Environment
31 Master's Degree in Multimedia Studies
32 Status of Parallel Computing and High Speed Networks --
The Grand Challenges and the National Information Infrastructure
33 Superficial Observations on High Performance Computing-I
34 We have learnt that Parallel Computing Works !
35 Advances in Parallel Computer and High Speed Network (HPCC) Technology
36 Performance of High End Machines Years 1940-2000
37 Performance of High End Machines Years 1980-2000
38 Current Important Parallel Computers --1995
39 Superficial Observations on High Performance Computing-II
40 When will Parallel Computing Take Over ?
41 Some Hardware/Software Trends over next 5 years
42 Who Uses High Performance Computers?
43 Historical Whimsy --
We will discuss Architectures later in more detail
44 Some History
45 The Caltech/JPL Hypercube
46 The Ten Pioneer Hypercube Applications Within C3P
47 Some More History
48 What is NPAC ?
49 NPAC Staff and Associated Academic Units
50 NPAC Parallel Computing Facility (as of 1/3/95)
51 NPAC Networking Infrastructure (as of 1/3/95)
52 Wide Area ATM Infrastructure
53 NPAC Programs
54 NPAC's HPCC Programs
55 The Federal High Performance Computing and Communication Initiative 1992--1996
56 The Federal High Performance Computing and Communication Initiative (HPCCI)
57 The High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative
58 HPCCI Goals
59 Note the Trend from Large Scale Numerical Computing to the Integration of Computing and Communication in the NII
60 The Blue Books
Supplements to the President's Fiscal Year Budget
61 http://www.hpcc.gov/
62 The Blue Book Covers
63 Superficial Observations on High Performance Communication
64 Some Implications of HPCC Observations
65 The Federal Program Focusing on 1996 Highlights with many exciting Applications
66 1996 Blue Book
67 1996 Blue Book (1 of 3)
68 1996 Blue Book (2 of 3)
69 1996 Blue Book (3 of 3)
70 The Application Motivation for HPCC
71 Grand Challenge Applications
72 Applied Fluid Dynamics
73 Computational Aeroscience
74 Coupled Field Problems and GAFD Turbulence
75 Combustion Modeling: Adaptive Grid Methods
76 Numerical Tokamak Project
77 Meso- to Macro-Scale Environmental Modeling
78 Mathematical Modeling of Air Pollution Dynamics
79 Distributed Computational System for Large Scale
Environmental Modeling
80 Cross-Media (Air and Water) Linkage
81 Global Climate Modeling
82 4-D Data Assimilation
83 Eco Simulations
84 Environmental Chemistry
85 The Quake Project
86 Land Cover Dynamics
87 The Underlying Bathymetry of San Diego Bay
88 Biomedical Imaging and Biomechanics
89 Cryosectional image from the Visible Human Male
90 Image Processing of Electron Micrograph
91 Molecular Biology
92 Molecular Design
93 Biomolecular Design
94 Biomolecular Modeling and Structure Determination
95 Computational Structural Biology
96 Computational Methods for Enzyme Catlysis
97 Cognition
98 HPC For Learning
99 Fundamental Computational Sciences
100 First Principal Simulation of Materials Properties
101 Galaxy Formation Models
102 Large Scale Structure and Galaxy Formation
103 Grand-Challenge-Scale Applications
104 Simulation of Chorismate Mutase Showing Lines of
Electrostatic Force
105 Simulation of Antibody-Antigen Association
106 A Realistic Ocean Model
107 Drag Control
108 Impact of Turbulence on Weather/Climate Prediction
109 Shoemaker-Levy 9 Collision with Jupiter
110 Vortex Structure and Dynamics in Superconductors
111 Molecular Dynamics Modeling
112 Advanced Simulation of Crash Simulation
113 Advanced Simulation of Chemically Reacting Flows
114 Convective Turbulence and Mixing in Astrophysics
115 National Challenge Applications
116 Digital Libraries
117 Public Access to Government Data
118 Electronic Commerce
119 Health Care
120 Computer-Based Medical Records -1
121 Computer-based Medical Records-2
122 Radiation Treatment Planning
123 Functional Neurological Image Analysis
124 Collaboratory for Microscopic Digital Anatomy (CMDA)
125 Manufacturing Processes and Products
126 HPCC: The Business Outlook
127 Overview of Talk: Technical Topics
128 Come to CPS616 for a detailed discussion of the National Challenges and the National Information Infrastructure
129 Data Parallelism is a Universal Source of Scaling Parallelism
130 We have learnt that Parallel Computing Works !
131 Methodology of Parallel Computing
132 Concurrent Computation as a Mapping Problem -I
133 Concurrent Computation as a Mapping Problem - II
134 Concurrent Computation as a Mapping Problem - III
135 Structure of Problems and Parallel Software Approaches

Outside Index Summary of Material

HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 1 CPS615 -- Base Course for the Simulation Track of Computational Science
Fall Semester 1995 --
Lecture Stream 1

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
Geoffrey Fox
NPAC
Room 3-131 CST
111 College Place
Syracuse NY 13244-4100
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 2 Abstract of CPS615 Base Course of Computational Science Simulation Track

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
Overview of National Program -- The Grand Challenges
Overview of Technology Trends leading to petaflop performance in year 2015
Overview of Syracuse and National programs in computational science
Parallel Computing in Society
Parallel and Sequential Computer Architectures
Why Parallel Computing works
Message Passing and Data Parallel Programming Paradigms
Laplace Equation with Iterative solver in detail
Set (approximately 6) of application/algorithm snippets illustrating software, hardware and algorithm issues
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 3 Basic Course CPS615 Contact Points

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
Instructor: Geoffrey Fox gcf@npac.syr.edu 3154432163 Room 3-131 CST
Backup: Nancy McCracken njm@npac.syr.edu 3154434687 Room 3-234 CST
TA: John Houle houle@npac.syr.edu
NPAC Administrative support: Nora Downey-Easter nora@npac.syr.edu 3154434740 Room 3-210 CST
CPS615 Powers that be above can be reached at cps615ad@npac.syr.edu
CPS615 Students can be reached by mailing cps615@npac.syr.edu
Homepage will be:
http://www.npac.syr.edu/projects/cps615fall95
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 4 Course Structure

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
Graded on the basis of Approximately 8 Homeworks which will be due Wednesday of week following day given out (Monday or Wednesday)
Plus one small project at the end of class
No finals or written exams
All material will be placed on World Wide Web(WWW)
Preference given to work returned on the Web -- optional lecture will be given on how to use WWW
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 5 Basic Structure of Course -- I

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
Overview of National Scene -- Why is High Performance Computing Important
What is Computational Science -- The Program at Syracuse
Basic Technology Situation -- Increasing density of transistors on a chip
Elementary Discussion of Parallel Computing
Computer Architecture -- Parallel and Sequential
  • More focus on COWS and NOWS etc. -- Clusters or Networks of Workstations
Simple base example -- Laplace's Equation
Programming Models -- Message Passing and Data Parallel Computing -- MPI and HPF
  • Late breaking work -- use of the Web for Computing (WebWork)
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 6 Basic Structure of the Course - II

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
This introduction is followed by a set of "vignettes" discussing applications and algorithms which illustrate parallel programming and parallel algorithms
  • Ordinary Differential Equations
    • N body Problem
  • Partial Differential Equations
    • Iterative Algorithms from Gauss Seidel to Conjugate Gradient
    • Finite Element Methods
  • Task Parallel Applications
    • Factoring of Large Numbers and RSA Security
    • Remarks on Multidisciplinary Optimization and Manufacturing
  • Matrix Algebra
    • Computational Electromagnetism
    • Computational Chemistry
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 7 The Technology
Driving Forces for HPCC

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 14
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 8 Effect of Feature Size on Performance

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 63
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 9 Growing Logic Chip Density

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 30
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 10 Trends in Feature and Die Size as a Function of Time

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 25
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 11 Supercomputer Memory Sizes and trends in RAM Density

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 57
RAM density increases by about a factor of 50 in 8 years
Supercomputers in 1992 have memory sizes around 32 gigabytes (giga = 109)
Supercomputers in year 2000 should have memory sizes around 1.5 terabytes (tera = 1012)
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 12 Comparison of Trends in RAM Density and CPU Performance Increases

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 27
Computer Performance is increasing faster than RAM density
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 13 National Roadmap for Semiconductor Technology --1992

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 56
See Chapter 5 of Petaflops Report -- July 95
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 14 CMOS Technology and Parallel Processor Chip Projections

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 47
See Chapter 5 of Petaflops Report -- July 95
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 15 What and Why is Computational Science ?

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 7
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 16 Parallelism Implies Major Changes which have significant educational Implications

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 47
Different machines
New types of computers
New libraries
Rewritten Applications
Totally new fields able to use computers .... ==> Need new educational initiatives Computational Science
Will be a nucleus for the phase transition
and accelerate use of parallel computers in the real world
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 17 What is Computational Science?

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
Computational Science is an interdisciplinary field that integrates computer science and applied mathematics with a wide variety of application areas that use significant computation to solve their problems
Includes the study of computational techniques
  • Science and Engineering - Grand Challenges
  • Society and Business - National Challenge
Includes the study of new algorithms, languages and models in computer science and applied mathematics required by the use of high performance computing and communications in any (?) important application
  • At interface of (applied) computer science and applications
Includes computation of complex systems using physical analogies such as neural networks and genetic optimization.
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 18 What do we have at Syracuse University?

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
Formal Master's Program with reasonable curriculum and course material
PhD called Computer and Information Science but can choose computational science research
Certificates(Minors) in Computational Science at both the Masters and PhD Level
Undergraduate Minors in Computational Science
All Programs are open to both computer science and application (computer user) students
Currently have both an "Science and Engineering Track" ("parallel computing") and an "Information oriented Track" ("the web")
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 19 Program in Computational Science
Implemented within current academic framework

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 20 Methodology for Computation

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 21 Usefulness of Computational Science Degrees:

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
Conclusions of DOE Conference on Computational Science Education, Feb 1994
Industry and government laboratories want graduates with Computational Science and Engineering training - don't care what degree is called
Universities - want graduates with Computational Science and Engineering training - want degrees to have traditional names
Premature to have BS Computational Science and Engineering
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 22 Syracuse Computational Science Academic Programs -- Masters Degree

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
Master's Degree in Computational Science Course Requirements:
Core Courses:
  • CPS 615: Introduction to Computational Science
  • CPS 675: Design and analysis of algorithms
  • MAT 683: Methods of numerical analysis I
Application Area:
  • Applications of computational science, including a substantial project. Example: CPS713 Case Studies in Computational Science
It is required to take one course in 3 out of the following 4 areas:
  • 1. Parallel programming, algorithms, and architecture
  • 2. Methodology and techniques Numerical analysis, optimization, simulation
  • 3. High performance software Compilers, languages, visualization, programming environments
  • 4. Advanced computer science and software engineering Structured programming and formal methods
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 23 Syracuse Graduate Computational Science Academic Programs

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
Minors in Computational Science
Masters Level Certificate:
  • Available to graduate students enrolled in any SU masters or Ph.D. program
  • Courses required for certificate are one from each area (15 credits)
    • 1. CPS 615: Introduction to Computational Science -- Simulation or
    • 1. CPS 616: Computational Science for Information Applications
    • (probably CPS 606 can be substituted here)
  • 2. Applications of Computer Science (e.g. CPS713/714)
  • 3. High Performance Parallel Computing
  • 4. Methodology and techniques
  • 5. Computational Science elective -Relevant course chosen by student - (e.g. CPS730)
Doctoral level Certificate:
  • 5 courses as above with one more elective (18 credits)
  • Make a contribution to computational science through the research of the dissertation
Doctoral level Certificate in Computational Neuroscience:
  • Joint program Bioengineering (Institute of Sensory Research, SUNY Health Science Center, Computer Science
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 24 Computational Science Courses -- Typical CPS615 Module

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
Example Course Module
  • Application: Field simulations as in fluid mechanics, solid mechanics and electromagetics.
  • Numerical methods: Numerical solutions to partial differential equations.
  • Computational algorithms: Parallel techniques for iterative solvers based on finite differences and finite elements solvers.
  • Software -- Message Passing and HPF Implementation for simplest Jacobi solvers
  • Results: Calculating the field of an electrostatic lens; calculating the air flow around an airplane wing.
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 25 Computational Science Courses -- CPS713

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
CPS 713 Case Studies in Computational Science
This course emphasizes a few applications and gives an in-depth treatment of the more advanced computing techniques, aiming for a level of sophistication representing the best techniques currently known by researchers in the field.
  • Typically, the course is organized around three or four application topics such as:
  • Analysis of data and parameterization - statistics and optimization methods for massive data sets.
  • Molecular dynamics, as in CHARMM - particle dynamics in very large systems
  • Determining energy levels of large chemical systems, as in MOPAC - eigenvalues by matrix methods
  • Statistical physics - clustering methods
  • Collision of black holes - PDE's by adaptive finite difference meshs
  • Computational fluid dynamics as in NAS problem from NASA - PDE's by finite differences and finite elements
  • Students carry out detailed implementation projects for one or more topics, working either individually or in teams.
Instructor: Professor Geoffrey Fox, Computer Science and Physics
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 26 Some Academic Areas and their Relation to Computational Science

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
Computer Science -- Nationally viewed as central activity
  • Congress thinks Computer Science is activities such as NSF Supercomputer Centers i.e. Computational Science
  • Computer Scientists think of the field as less applied
Computer Engineering -- Historically Mathematics and Electrical Engineering have spawned Computer Science programs -- if from electrical engineering, the field is sometimes called computer engineering
Applied Mathematics is a very broad field in U.K. where equivalent to Theoretical Physics. In USA applied mathematics is roughly mathematics associated with fluid flow
  • Field teachs areas such as Scientific Computing even though ignore many issues needed outside differential equation solution
Computational Physics -- Practioners will be judged by their contribtion to physics and not directly by algorithms and software innovations.
  • Similar remarks about Computational Aerospace, Chemistry etc.
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 27 Program in Information Age Computational Science Implemented Within Current Academic Program

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 28 Federal 1994 Blue Book Comparison of National and Grand Challenges

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 29 Overview of Draft Curriculum for CPS616

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
The conference proceedings "R and D for the NII: Technical Challenges" obtainable from EDUCOM (nii-forum@educom.com) is one useful general resource. It would be important to collect other useful general and specialized reference books for either teachers and/or students. There are currently 10 modules listed below.
1) The Internet and Specialized Testbeds as Prototypes of the GII (Global Information Infrastructure)
2) Physical Network
3) The Consumer Multimedia Enterprise: Multimedia Videogames, PC's, Settop boxes, and Workstations
4) Digital Media: Audio, Video, Graphics and Images
5) User, Application and Service Interfaces
6) Client and Server High Performance Multimedia Computer Requirements and Architecture
7) Base Software and Systems Architecture of the GII
8) Pervasive and Niche Applications for the GII
9) Generic Services and Middleware on the GII
10) The Emerging GII Enterprise in Industry, Academia and Society
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 30 What we taught this Spring CPS600 --
"Technologies for Webwindows" --
The next generation (meta)Computing and Communications Environment

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
World Wide Web basics : HTTP,MIME, servers,clients
PERL4 and object-oriented features in PERL5(to be finished)
Wavelet and Other Compression Technologies
Collaboration Technologies from MBONE to CLI
ATM Networks with comparison with ISDN and traditional LAN
Parallel Relational Databases and Web Integration
Thread based Communication Environments
Video servers and network management for good quality
Parallel Web Servers (to be finished)
Advanced Web Technologies -- agents, VRML, Java (to be finished)
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 31 Master's Degree in Multimedia Studies

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
Joint Program set up between
  • NPAC (Computer Science and Engineering)
  • School of Information Studies
  • Newhouse School of Public Communication
  • School of Visual and Performing Arts
  • School of Education
12 3-credit courses with 3 required courses
  • "Pro-Seminar" -- Collection of Lectures from different faculty
  • "Fundamental Viewpoints" -- Deeper focused course on general aesthetic, ethical and societalk aspects of multimedia.
  • Student Project
Three tracks for specialization
  • Management and Evaluation
  • Systems and Tools -- here is computer science
  • Design and Application
Take 3 core courses, one course from each track(3), 6 elective courses with constraints to be determined
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 32 Status of Parallel Computing and High Speed Networks --
The Grand Challenges and the National Information Infrastructure

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 33 Superficial Observations on High Performance Computing-I

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 87
Parallel Computing Works!
Technology well understood for Science and Engineering
  • Good parallel algorithms, several examples of major applications in many fields exploring range of issues
  • Data and Message Parallel programming models developed
Supercomputing market small (few percent at best) and probably decreasing in size
  • Essential to have good common software infrastructure
  • Productivity tools -- Software Engineering -- Programming Support tools POOR
  • The parallel software "industry" is very small
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 34 We have learnt that Parallel Computing Works !

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 50
Data Parallelism - universal form of scaling parallelism
Functional Parallelism - Important but typically modest speedup. - Critical in multidisciplinary applications.
On any machine architecture
  • Distributed Memory MIMD
  • Distributed Memory SIMD
  • Shared memory - this affects programming model
  • This affects generality
  • SIMD ~ 50% academic problems
  • but < 50% commercial
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 35 Advances in Parallel Computer and High Speed Network (HPCC) Technology

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 99
Performance of both communication networks and computers will increase by a factor of 1000 during the 1990's
  • New uses of Computers to design new drugs, search terabyte databases etc.
  • National Information Infrastructure will see pervasive deployment of upgraded Internet to give megagabit/second interactive links to homes and offices allowing interactive realtime video.
  • Greater utility of computers in "Old Applications"
Competitive advantage to industries that can use either or both High Performance Computers and Communication Networks. (United States clearly ahead of Japan and Europe in these technologies.)
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 36 Performance of High End Machines Years 1940-2000

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 72
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 37 Performance of High End Machines Years 1980-2000

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 33
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 38 Current Important Parallel Computers --1995

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
There are several machines still being used but the number of vendors and diversity of designs has shrunk
The SIMD Maspar and AMT DAP are focusing on database and other niche markets such as signal processing. They are not considered mainstream any longer.
The MIMD nCUBE3 is not deployed and the nCUBE2 is uncompetitive in science arena. The company is focusing on video server market.
The major pure MIMD distributed memory machines are the IBM SP-2 and Intel Paragon with the IBM having the best node CPU and the Paragon a superior network
There is a spectrum of shared memory machines from
  • CRAY T3D using Digital alpha RISC node where shared memory support translates into low latency message passing support for small messages on a basically distributed architecture
  • Convex Exemplar uses HP's RISC node in a cluster of shared memory modules
  • The SGI Power Challenge represents a powerful BUS based system in modest size systems with initial scaling viewing bunchs of Power challenge machines as a distributed memory system.
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 39 Superficial Observations on High Performance Computing-II

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 141
No silver programming bullet -- I doubt if new language will revolutionize parallel programmimng and make much easier
  • Hardware (shared memory) could be helpful
Social forces are tending to hinder adoption of parallel computing as most applications are areas where large scale computing already common
  • Parallelizing existing applications (porting sequential software) very hard
  • Opportunities offered by use of MPP's often require major organizational changes
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 40 When will Parallel Computing Take Over ?

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 72
Switch from conventional to new types of technology is a phase transition
Needs headroom (Carver Mead) which is large (factor of 10 ?) due to large new software investment
Machines such as the nCUBE-1 and CM-2 were comparable in cost performance to conventional supercomputers
  • Enough to show that "Parallel Computing Works"
  • Not enough to take over!
Cray T3D, Intel Paragon, CM-5, DECmpp (Maspar MP-2), IBM SP-2, nCUBE-3 have enough headroom to take over from traditional computers ?
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 41 Some Hardware/Software Trends over next 5 years

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 76
ATM networks have rapidly transitioned from research Gigabit networks to commercial deployment
  • ATM likely to be a major force in local area as well as wide area networks
Computer Hardware trends imply that all computers (PC's ---> Supercomputers) will be parallel by the year 2000
  • Up to 1993, parallel computers are from small start-up companies (except Intel Supercomputer Division)
  • Now Cray, Convex (HP), Digital, IBM have massively parallel computing systems and Silicon Graphics is becoming a powerful high performance computing vendor
  • Several architectures but only one : Distributed memory MIMD multicomputer is known to scale from one to very many processors
Software is challenge and could prevent/delay hardware trend that suggests parallelism will be a mainline computer architecture
  • We must get systems software correct
  • Simultaneously develop applications software in gradually improving parallel programming environment
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 42 Who Uses High Performance Computers?

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 112
High Energy Physics
Semiconductor Industry, VLSI Design
Graphics and Virtual Reality
Weather and Ocean Modeling
Visualization
Oil Industry
Automobile Industry
Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals Industry
Financial Applications
Business Applications
Airline Industry
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 43 Historical Whimsy --
We will discuss Architectures later in more detail

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 44 Some History

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
Before 1980: Illiac IV, ICL DAP, MPP
  • All SIMD
  • Cray 1 Introduced In 1976
Early 1980s: HEP, Cray X-MP/22, NYU UltraComputer (and IBM RP3)
1983: The Birth of the Hypercube:
  • The Caltech Cosmic Cube
  • Charles Seitz and Geoffrey Fox
  • The Caltech Concurrent Computation Program (C3P)
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 45 The Caltech/JPL Hypercube

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
1983 - First 64-node Mark I Hypercube operational at CIT as collaboration between Seitz & Fox (CrOS)
1984 - JPL joins campus collaboration; designs and builds 32-node Mark II Hypercube
1985 - 128-node Mark II operational
  • Mark III project begun in earnest
  • Three commercial Hypercubes on market
1986 - Mark III operational (~10x performance of Mark II)
1987 - Strategic Defense Initiative applications and simulations (Mercury and Centuar OS)
  • Weitek based > 10 megaflop/node daughter board added: Mark III fp
1988 -128-node > 1 gigaflop computer (Mark IIIfp)
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 46 The Ten Pioneer Hypercube Applications Within C3P

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 28
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 47 Some More History

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
Mid-1980s: Sequent and Encore
  • Cost/performance better than 10 compared with VAX
  • Reliable hardware and software
  • Also the Alliant
  • Other Hypercubes: Intel, nCUBE, Ametek, Floating Point Systems
Late-1980s:
  • Meiko (T800), CM-2, MasPar
  • Then nCUBE-2 and iPSC/860
Early-1990s
  • Intel Touchstone Delta System, built for C3P (Fox)
  • The Intel Paragon, BBN TC2000, CM-5
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 48 What is NPAC ?

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 49 NPAC Staff and Associated Academic Units

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
Geoffrey Fox - Director
Denny Eaton - InfoMall MidHudson
Steve Warzala -- Manager InfoMall
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 50 NPAC Parallel Computing Facility (as of 1/3/95)

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 51 NPAC Networking Infrastructure (as of 1/3/95)

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 52 Wide Area ATM Infrastructure

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 53 NPAC Programs

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
Core Technologies R&D
Computing and Infrastructure Facilities O&M
Computational Science Research
Computational Science Education
Computer Science
HPCC Technology Transfer and Commercialization
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 54 NPAC's HPCC Programs

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 55 The Federal High Performance Computing and Communication Initiative 1992--1996

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 56 The Federal High Performance Computing and Communication Initiative (HPCCI)

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 51
Originally $2.9 billion over 5 years starting in 1992 and
  • Rapidly growing Information technology component starting in 1994 and total budget now over $1 billion per year
The Grand Challenges
  • Enabled by teraflop computers and important to economy or fundamental research
    • Global warming - NOAA
    • Oil reservoir and environmental simulation - DOE
    • Structural and aerodynamic calculations - NASA
    • Earth observing satellite - data analysis - NASA
    • Human genome - NIH, DOE
    • Quantum chromodynamics - Fundamental Physics
    • Gravitational waves from black holes - Fundamental Physics
    • Molecular modeling - Fundamental Chemistry
Nearly all grand challenges have industrial payoff but technology transfer NOT funded by HPCCI
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Foil 57 The High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 38
High Performance Computing Act of 1991
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Foil 58 HPCCI Goals

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 80
Computational performance of one trillion operations per second on a wide range of important applications
Development of associated system software, tools, and improved algorithms
A national research network capable of one billion bits per second
Sufficient production of PhDs in computational science and engineering
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 59 Note the Trend from Large Scale Numerical Computing to the Integration of Computing and Communication in the NII

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 60 The Blue Books
Supplements to the President's Fiscal Year Budget

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
1992: Grand Challenges
1993: Grand Challenges
1994: Toward a National Information Infrastructure
1995: Technology for the National Information Infrastructure
1996: Foundation for America's Information Future
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Foil 61 http://www.hpcc.gov/

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 62 The Blue Book Covers

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 63 Superficial Observations on High Performance Communication

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 86
ATM ISDN Wireless Satellite advancing rapidly in commercial arena which is adopting research rapidly
Social forces (deregulation in the U.S.A.) are tending to accelerate adoption of digital communication technologies
  • These are often NEW applications (porting of POTS relatively easy!) such as interactive TV/Shopping
  • Tremendous competition between different telecommunication sectors encourages new technology now to ensure future success
Not clear how to make money on Web(Internet) but growing interest/acceptance by general public
  • huge sales in home multimedia PC's -- comparable to TV's in volume
Integration of Communities and Opportunities
  • Computing and Communication and Information Industries merging -- similar impact on academic departments will(should) happen
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 64 Some Implications of HPCC Observations

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 63
Technology Opportunities in Integration of High Performance Computing and Communication Systems
  • Merging of networking, parallel computing, distributed comouting communities
  • This SOLVES previous difficulties observed for high performance computing as implies a much larger distributed (world-wide metacomputing) computing base
New Business opportunities linking Enterprise Information Systems to Community networks to current cable/network TV journalism
New educational needs at interface of computer science and communications/information applications
Major implications for education -- the Virtual University
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 65 The Federal Program Focusing on 1996 Highlights with many exciting Applications

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 66 1996 Blue Book

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 30
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 67 1996 Blue Book (1 of 3)

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 44
Executive Summary
I. Introduction
II. Program Accomplishments and Plan
1. High Performance Communications
  • Internetworking R&D
  • Gigabit Speed Networking R&D
  • Wireless Technologies
  • R&D for Network Integrated Computing
  • Enhanced Internet Connectivity
2. High Performance Computing Systems
  • Performance Accomplishments
  • Microsystems
  • Embedded Systems
  • Networks of Workstations
  • Rapid Prototyping Facility
  • Specialized Very High Performance Architectures
  • Mass Storage
3. Advanced Software Technologies
  • Systems Software
  • Programming Languages and Compilers
  • Software Tools
  • Computational Techniques
  • Performance Measurement
  • Benchmarking
  • Software Sharing
  • Visualization
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 68 1996 Blue Book (2 of 3)

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 72
4. Technologies for the Information Infrastructure
  • Information Infrastructure Services Technologies
  • World Wide Web (WWW) and NCSA Mosaic
  • Security and Privacy
  • Information Infrastructure Applications Technologies
5. High Performance Computing Research Facilities
  • NSF Supercomputer Centers
  • NSF Science and Technology Centers
  • NASA Testbeds
  • DOE Laboratories
  • NIH Systems
  • NOAA Laboratories
  • EPA Systems
6. Grand Challenge Applications
  • Applied Fluid Dynamics
  • Meso- to Macro-Scale Environmental Modeling
  • Ecosystem Simulations
  • Biomedical Imaging and Biomechanics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Molecular Design and Process Optimization
  • Cognition
  • Fundamental Computational Sciences
  • Grand-Challenge-Scale Applications
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 69 1996 Blue Book (3 of 3)

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 34
7. National Challenge Applications - Digital Libraries
  • Public Access to Government Information
  • Electronic Commerce
  • Civil Infrastructure
  • Education and Lifelong Learning
  • Energy Management
  • Environmental Monitoring
  • Health Care
  • Manufacturing Processes and Products
8. Basic Research and Human Resources
  • Basic Research
  • Training and Education
III. HPCC Program Organization
IV. HPCC Program Summary
V. References
VI. Glossary
VII. Contacts
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 70 The Application Motivation for HPCC

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 71 Grand Challenge Applications

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 112
Applied Fluid Dynamics
Meso- to Macro-Scale Environmental Modeling
Ecosystem Simulations
Biomedical Imaging and Biomechanics
Molecular Biology
Molecular design and Process Optimization
Cognition
Fundamental Computational sciences
Grand-Challenge-Scale Applications
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 72 Applied Fluid Dynamics

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 20
Computational Aeroscience
Coupled Field Problems and GAFD (Geophysical and Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics) Turbulence
Combustion Modeling: Adaptive Grid Methods
Oil Reservoir Modeling: Parallel Algorithms for Modeling Flow in Permeable Media
Numerical Tokamak Project (NTP)
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 73 Computational Aeroscience

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 66
Analysis to define the flow physics involved in compressor stall. It suggested a variety of approaches to improve the performance of compression systems, while providing increased stall margins. A Cray Research C-90, IBM SP-1, and IBM workstation cluster were used to formulate and develop this model.
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 74 Coupled Field Problems and GAFD Turbulence

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 31
An image from a video illustrating the flutter analysis of a FALCON jet under a sequence of transonic speed maneuvers. Areas of high stress are red; areas of low stress are blue.
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 75 Combustion Modeling: Adaptive Grid Methods

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
Fuel flow around the stagnation plate in a pulse combustor. A burning cycle drives a resonant pressure wave, which in turn enhances the rate of combustion, resulting in a self- sustaining, large-scale oscillation. The figure shows the injection phase when the pressure in the combustion chamber is low. Fuel enters the chamber, hits the stagnation plate and becomes entrained by a vortex ring formed by flow separation at the edge of the splash plate. Researchers are developing computational models to study the interplay of vortex dynamics and chemical kinetics and will use their results to improve pulse combustor design.
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 76 Numerical Tokamak Project

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 44
Particle trajectories and electrostatic potentials from a three- dimensional implicit tokamak plasma simulation employing adaptive mesh techniques. The boundary is aligned with the magnetic field that shears around the torus. The strip in the torus is aligned with the local magnetic field and is color mapped with the local electrostatic potential. The yellow trajectory is the gyrating orbit of a single ion.
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 77 Meso- to Macro-Scale Environmental Modeling

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 51
Massively Parallel Atmospheric Modeling Projects
Parallel Ocean Modeling
Mathematical Modeling of Air Pollution Dynamics
A Distributed Computational System for Large Scale Environmental Modeling
Cross-Media (Air and Water) Linkage
Adaptive Coordination of Predictive Models with Experimental Data
Global Climate Modeling
Four-Dimensional Data Assimilation for Massive Earth System Data Analysis
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 78 Mathematical Modeling of Air Pollution Dynamics

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 64
Ozone concentrations for the California South Coast Air Basin predicted by the Caltech research model show a large region in which the national ozone standard of 120 parts per billion (ppb) are exceeded. Measurement data corroborate these predictions. Scientific studies have shown that human exposure to ozone concentrations at or above the standard can impair lung functions in people with respiratory problems and can cause chest pain and shortness of breath even in the healthy population. This problem raises concern since more than 30 urban areas across the country still do not meet the national standard.
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 79 Distributed Computational System for Large Scale
Environmental Modeling

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
Ozone concentrations for the California South Coast Air Basin predicted by the Caltech research model show a large region in which the national ozone standard of 120 parts per billion (ppb) are exceeded. Measurement data corroborate these predictions. Scientific studies have shown that human exposure to ozone concentrations at or above the standard can impair lung functions in people with respiratory problems and can cause chest pain and shortness of breath even in the healthy population. This problem raises concern since more than 30 urban areas across the country still do not meet the national standard.
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 80 Cross-Media (Air and Water) Linkage

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
(1) Dissolved oxygen in Chesapeake Bay, (2) nitrate loading in the Potomac Basin, and (3) atmospheric nitric acid and wet deposition across the Eastern U.S. Three air and water models are linked together for cross-media modeling of the Chesapeake Bay. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition predicted by the atmospheric model (right) is the input load to the watershed model and the three- dimensional Bay model. The watershed model (lower left) delivers nitrate loads from each of the water basins to the three- dimensional Bay model (upper left).
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 81 Global Climate Modeling

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 46
The colored plane floating above the block represents the simulated atmospheric temperature change at the earth's surface, assuming a steady one percent per year increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide to the time of doubled carbon dioxide. The surfaces in the ocean show the depths of the 1.0 and 0.2 degree (Celsius) temperature changes. The Southern Hemisphere shows much less surface warming than the Northern Hemisphere. This is caused primarily by the cooling effects of deep vertical mixing in the oceans south of 45 degrees South latitude. Coupled ocean-atmosphere climate models such as this one from NOAA/GFDL help improve scientific understanding of potential climate change.
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 82 4-D Data Assimilation

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 53
A scientist uses NASA's virtual reality modeling resources to explore the Earth's atmosphere as part of the Earth and Space Science Grand Challenge.
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 83 Eco Simulations

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 37
Environmental Chemistry
Groundwater Transport and Remediation
Earthquake Ground Motion Modeling in Large Basins: The Quake Project
High Performance Computing for Land Cover Dynamics
Massively Parallel Simulations of Large-Scale, High- Resolution Ecosystme Models
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 84 Environmental Chemistry

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
The 38-atom carbonate system on the left illustrates the most advanced modeling capability at the beginning of the HPCC Program; the 389-atom zeolite system on the right was produced by a recent simulation. Computational complexity effectively grows as the cube of the number of atoms, implying a thousand fold increase in computational power between the two images.
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 85 The Quake Project

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
The upper image shows a computational model of a valley that has been automatically partitioned for solution on a parallel computing system, one processor to a color. The lower image shows the response of the valley as a function of frequency and position within the valley. It is well known that the response of a building to an earthquake is greatest when the frequency of the ground motion is close to the natural frequency of the building itself. These results show that damage can vary considerably depending on building location and frequency characteristics. Obtaining this kind of information for large basins such as the Greater Los Angeles Basin requires high performance computing.
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 86 Land Cover Dynamics

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
This figure encodes the proportions of desert, grass, and forest within each pixel of a satellite image using color mixing. The Grand Challenge result, on the left, was produced using a new parallel algorithm and is a much more accurate estimate of mixture proportions than the least squares algorithm traditionally employed by environmental scientists.
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 87 The Underlying Bathymetry of San Diego Bay

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 88 Biomedical Imaging and Biomechanics

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 47
Visible Human Project
Reconstruction of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Images
Image Processing of Electron Micrographs
Understanding Human Joint Mechanisms
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 89 Cryosectional image from the Visible Human Male

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 90 Image Processing of Electron Micrograph

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
Three-dimensional reconstruction of large icosahedral viruses. Shown are images of herpes simplex virus type 1 capsids, which illustrate the potential of new parallel computing methods. They show the location of a minor capsid protein called VP26 as mapped in experiments in which VP26 was first extracted from purified capsids by treatment with guanidine hydrochloride and then rebound to the capsids. The right half of the top image shows the depleted capsid and the rebound VP26 capsid, and the left half shows the three- dimensional reconstruction, as it would be obtained with a conventional sequential computer. Parallel computing extended the analysis to obtain the lower images, which improved the signal-to- noise ratio and the resolution from approximately 3.5 to under 3.0 nanometers. The clusters of six VP26 subunits, shown together in the top image, are clearly resolved in the bottom image. This work was conducted at NIH in collaboration with the University of Virginia.
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Foil 91 Molecular Biology

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 43
Protein and Nucleic Sequence Analysis
Protein Folding Prediction
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Structure Predition
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 92 Molecular Design

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 41
Biological Applications of Quantum Chemistry
Biomolecular Design
Biomolecular Modeling and Structure Determination
Computational Structural Biology
Biological Methods for Enzyme Catalysis
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 93 Biomolecular Design

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
Electrostatic field, shown in yellow, of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme. The known active site is shown in blue; the second 'back door' to the active site is thought be at the spot where the field lines extend toward the top of the picture.
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 94 Biomolecular Modeling and Structure Determination

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 30
A portion of the Glucocorticoid Receptor bound to DNA; the receptor helps to regulate expression of the genetic code.
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 95 Computational Structural Biology

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
The upper figure shows the known structure of the protein crambin from the Brookhaven Protein Data Base (PDB), and the lower figure is the best selection from a large ensemble of candidate chains, generated on a fcc (face-centered cubic) lattice using a guided replication Monte Carlo chain generation algorithm. Development of the algorithm and its serial and parallel implementations was funded by the HPCC Program. The three-dimensional structure prediction procedure was benchmarked at about 6 minutes on a 500- node Intel Paragon versus 24 hours on a single-processor IBM RS6000 workstation, a 225-fold speedup.
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Foil 96 Computational Methods for Enzyme Catlysis

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
Graphical representation of the bovine pancreatic ribonuclease enzyme. Many high-resolution X-ray structures are available for this enzyme, which makes it an ideal candidate for verifying new modeling methods.
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Foil 97 Cognition

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
HPC for Learning
A New View of Cognition
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Foil 98 HPC For Learning

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
The central image is the original camera shot and the surrounding images were generated from the original using image synthesisanalysis.
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 99 Fundamental Computational Sciences

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 79
Quantum Chromodynamics
High Capacity Atomic-Level Simulations for the Design of Materials
First Principals Simulation of Materials Properties
Black Hole Binaries: Coalescence and Gravitational Radiation
Scalable Hierarchical Particle Algorithms for Galzy Formation and Accretion Astrophysics
Radio Synthesis Imaging
Large Scale Structure and Galaxy Formation
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Foil 100 First Principal Simulation of Materials Properties

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 38
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 101 Galaxy Formation Models

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
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Foil 102 Large Scale Structure and Galaxy Formation

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 66
Simulation of gravitational clustering of dark matter. This detail shows one sixth of the volume computed in a cosmological simulation involving 16 million highly clustered particles that required load balancing on a massively parallel computing system. Many particles are required to resolve the formation of individual galaxy halos seen here as red/white spots.
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Foil 103 Grand-Challenge-Scale Applications

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 56
Simulation of Chorismate Mutase
Simulation of Antibody-Antigen Association
A Realistic Ocean Model
Drag Control
The Impact of Turbulence on Weather/Climate Prediction
Shoemaker-Levy 9 Collision with Jupiter
Vortex structure and Dynamics in Superconductors
Molecular Dynamics Modeling
Crash Simulation
Advanced Simulation of Chemically Reacting Flows
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 104 Simulation of Chorismate Mutase Showing Lines of
Electrostatic Force

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 105 Simulation of Antibody-Antigen Association

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
The complex between the fragment of a monoclonal antibody, HyHEL- 5, and hen-egg lysozyme. The key amino acid residues involved in complexation are displayed by large spheres. The negatively charged amino acids are in red and the positively charged ones in blue. The small spheres highlight other charged residues in the antibody fragment and hen-egg lysozyme.
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Foil 106 A Realistic Ocean Model

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 51
Simulation of circulation in the North Atlantic. Color shows temperature, red corresponding to high temperature. In most prior modeling, the Gulf Stream turns left past Cape Hatteras, clinging to the continental shoreline. In this simulation, however, the Gulf Stream veers off from Cape Hatteras on a northeast course into the open Atlantic, following essentially the correct course.
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Foil 107 Drag Control

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
Simulations on SDSC's Intel Paragon of turbulence over surfaces mounted with streamwise riblets. Computed turbulence intensities indicate that the reduction of fluctuations near the wall with riblets (bottom) results in a six percent drag reduction in this geometry.
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 108 Impact of Turbulence on Weather/Climate Prediction

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
This image is a single frame from a volume visualization rendered from a computer model of turbulent fluid flow. The color masses indicate areas of vorticity that have stabilized within the volume after a specified period of time. The colors correspond to potential vorticity, with large positive values being blue, large negative values being red, and values near zero being transparent.
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 109 Shoemaker-Levy 9 Collision with Jupiter

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 21
Impact of the comet fragment. Image height corresponds to 1,000 kilometers. Color represents temperature, ranging from tens of thousands of degrees Kelvin (red), several times the temperature of the sun, to hundreds of degrees Kelvin (blue).
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 110 Vortex Structure and Dynamics in Superconductors

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
Early stages in the formation of a magnetic flux vortex. The figure shows the penetration of a magnetic field into a thin strip of high- Tc superconducting material, which is imbedded in a normal metal, and the formation of a magnetic flux vortex. The red surface is an isosurface for the magnetic induction. The isosurface follows the top and bottom of the superconducting strip (not shown). The field penetrates from the left and right sides. Thermal fluctuations cause "droplets" of magnetic flux to be formed in the interior of the strip. As time progresses, these droplets may coalesce into vortices. One vortex is being spawned from the left sheet of the isosurface. These computations were done on Argonne's IBM SP system.
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 111 Molecular Dynamics Modeling

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
MD simulation of a crystal block of 5 million silicon atoms as 11 silicon atoms implanted, each with an energy of 15keV. The simulation exhibits realistic phenomena such as amorphization near the surface and the channeling of some impacting atoms. These snapshots show the atoms displaced from their crystal positions (damaged areas) and the top layer (displayed in gray) at times 92 and 277 femtoseconds (10-15 seconds) after the first impact.
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 112 Advanced Simulation of Crash Simulation

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 47
Illustrative of the computing power at the Center for Computational Science is the 50 percent offset crash of two Ford Taurus cars moving at 35 mph shown here. The Taurus model is detailed; the results are useful in understanding crash dynamics and their consequences. These results were obtained using parallel DYNA-3D software developed at Oak Ridge. Run times of less than one hour on the most powerful machine are expected.
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 113 Advanced Simulation of Chemically Reacting Flows

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
View of fluid streamlines and the center plane temperature distribution in a vertical disk, chemical vapor deposition reactor. Simulations such as these allow designers to produce higher uniformity semiconductor materials by eliminating unwanted detrimental effects such as fluid recirculation.
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 114 Convective Turbulence and Mixing in Astrophysics

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
NASA simulation of temperature fluctuations (dark: cool; light: hot) in a layer of convectively unstable gas (upper half) overlying a convectively stable layer (lower half) within the deep interior of a Sun-like star. This simulation was performed on the Argonne IBM SP-1.
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 115 National Challenge Applications

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index Secs 44
Digital Libraries
Public Access to Government Information
Electronic Commerce
Civil Infrastructure
Education and Lifelong Learning
Energy Management
Environmental Monitoring
Health Care
Maunfacturing Processes and Products
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 116 Digital Libraries

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
Joint Digital Libraries rresearch Initiative
Digital Library Technology Products
Satellite Weather data Dissemination
Environmental Decision Support
Computer Science Technical reports Testbeds
Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)
CALS Library
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 117 Public Access to Government Data

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
Earth Data
Education
Health Care Data
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 118 Electronic Commerce

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 119 Health Care

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
Computer-Based Patient Records (CBPR)
Radiation Treatment Planning
Functional Neurological Image Analysis
Project Hippocrates: HIgh PerfOrmance Computing for Robot- AssisTEd Surgery
Prototypes for Clinic-Based Collaboration
Trusted Interoperation of Health Care information Systems
Collaboratory for Microscpoic Digital Anatomy (CMDA)
Distributed Imaging Over Gigabit Networks
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 120 Computer-Based Medical Records -1

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 121 Computer-based Medical Records-2

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 122 Radiation Treatment Planning

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
A source image slice with a beam placed and some contours drawn. The contours denote regions of different density and are subsequently used in the radiation dose calculation in place of the source image. The beam specifies the path of the central ray, width, placement, and the presence of a blocking wedge.
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 123 Functional Neurological Image Analysis

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
Single slices of MRI scans of two normal children of different ages. The leftmost scan is warped to have the form of the middle scan using the tie-points identified by the squares. The warped image is shown at right. This work was conducted at NIH's National Institute of Mental Health.
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 124 Collaboratory for Microscopic Digital Anatomy (CMDA)

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
This Gridbrowser interface shows (1) a low magnification survey with gridlines identifying the source of the higher magnification view, (2) cross-hairs identifying the current position of the microscope stage (which can be changed remotely), and (3) a red- green stereo view of the three- dimensional volume derived from acquired data.
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 125 Manufacturing Processes and Products

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
An example of the types of user interfaces required to visualize data on manufacturing activities in a production facility. A prototype facility was simulated to provide for real-time views into the factory control system database and to simulate manufacturing data access by multiple users.
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 126 HPCC: The Business Outlook

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
Observations:
  • At beginning extremely smart people worked most difficult problems
  • Interdisciplinary approach required, teamwork
HPCCI agencies introduced agendas
NII crept up on HPC
WWW took everything by storm
HPCC program may now be unmanagable, future of "high end" is uncertain
Software tools: always the critical issue
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 127 Overview of Talk: Technical Topics

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
What is NPAC?
HPCC
  • One Person's Perspective
  • The HPCCI and NII, Grand and National Challenges
Technical Topics (Opportunities for Collaboration)
  • NPAC's Core Technologies and Computing Facilities
  • Computational Science and Research
  • Computer Science
  • Computational Science Education
  • InfoMall: Technology Transfer and Commercialization
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 128 Come to CPS616 for a detailed discussion of the National Challenges and the National Information Infrastructure

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 129 Data Parallelism is a Universal Source of Scaling Parallelism

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 130 We have learnt that Parallel Computing Works !

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
Data Parallelism - universal form of scaling parallelism
Functional Parallelism - Important but typically modest speedup. - Critical in multidisciplinary applications.
On any machine architecture
  • Distributed Memory MIMD
  • Distributed Memory SIMD
  • Shared memory - this affects programming model
  • This affects generality
  • SIMD ~ 50% academic problems
  • but < 50% commercial
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 131 Methodology of Parallel Computing

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
Simple, but general and extensible to many more nodes is domain decomposition
All successful concurrent machines with
  • Many nodes
  • High performance (this excludes Dataflow)
Have obtained parallelism from "Data Parallelism" or "Domain Decomposition"
Problem is an algorithm applied to data set
  • Obtain concurrency by acting on data concurrently.
The three architectures considered here differ as follows:
  • MIMD Distributed Memory -- Processing and Data Distributed
  • MIMD Shared Memory -- Processing Distributed but memory shared
  • SIMD Distributed Memory -- Synchronous Processing on Distributed Data
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 132 Concurrent Computation as a Mapping Problem -I

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
2 Different types of Mappings in Physical Spaces
Both are static
  • a) Seismic Migration with domain decomposition on 4 nodes
  • b)Universe simulation with irregular data but static 16 node decomposition
  • but this problem would be best with dynamic irregular decomposition
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 133 Concurrent Computation as a Mapping Problem - II

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
Different types of Mappings -- A very dynamic case without any underlying Physical Space
c)Computer Chess with dynamic game tree decomposed onto 4 nodes
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 134 Concurrent Computation as a Mapping Problem - III

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
HTML version of Scripted Foils prepared 29 August 1995

Foil 135 Structure of Problems and Parallel Software Approaches

From Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science -- Fall Semester 95. *
Full HTML Index
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