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CPS615-Introduction-Course,Driving Technology and HPCC Current Status and Futures

Given by Geoffrey C. Fox at CPS615 Basic Simulation Track for Computational Science on Fall Semester 96. Foils prepared 27 August 1996

Secs 80

Overview of Course Itself! -- and then introductory material on basic curricula
Overview of National Program -- The Grand Challenges
Overview of Technology Trends leading to petaflop performance in year 2007 (hopefully)
Overview of Syracuse and National programs in computational science
Parallel Computing in Society
Why Parallel Computing works
Simple Overview of Computer Architectures
  • SIMD MIMD Distributed (shared memory) Systems ... PIM ... Quantum Computing
General Discussion of Message Passing and Data Parallel Programming Paradigms and a comparison of languages


This mixed presentation uses parts of the following base foilsets which can also be looked at on their own!
Master Set of Foils for 1996 Session of CPS615
Master Set B of Overview Material on Parallel Computing for CPS615 Foils
Master Foils for A Short Overview of HPCC -- From GigaFlops to PetaFlops and From Tightly Coupled MPP's to the World Wide Web
Master Set A of Overview Material on Parallel Computing for CPS615 Foils
Master Material for Initial CPS615 Course and Parallel Computing Overview
Master Foilset for HPCS95 Keynote Presentation
Overview of InfoMall -- A Virtual Corporation for HPCC Systems and Software
Overview foils of Status of HPCC with NPAC Bias
Overview foils for Computational Science Overview at Illinois -- May 1995
Part A:Overview of Programming Paradigms and Relation to Applications
Overview foils of Status of HPCC with NPAC Bias -3- Auxiliary(Tall) Foils
An Applications Perspective on High Performance Fortran
General Collection of Foils for CRPC Annual Meeting
Kim Mills Collection of GIF Images for NPAC Projects 96-
Dual Issues and a discussion of HPCC Defense Applications

Table of Contents for CPS615-Introduction-Course,Driving Technology and HPCC Current Status and Futures

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CPS 615 Lectures 1996 Fall Semester -- Introduction

Start new Section:Overall Structure of Course
1 CPS615 -- Base Course for the Simulation Track of Computational Science
Fall Semester 1996 --
Introduction to Driving Technology and HPCC
Current Status and Futures
2 Abstract of The Current Status and Futures of HPCC
3 Basic Course CPS615 Contact Points
4 Course Organization
5 Basic Structure of Complete CPS615 Base Course on Computational Science Simulation Track -- I
6 Basic Structure of Complete CPS615 Base Course on Computational Science Simulation Track -- II
7 Basic Structure of Complete CPS615 Base Course on Computational Science Simulation Track -- III

Performance Reality/Dreams
8 Performance of High End Machines Years 1940-2000
9 Performance of High End Machines Years 1980-2000
10 Peak Supercomputer Performance

Start new Section:Technology Driving Forces
11 The Technology
Driving Forces for HPCC
12 Effect of Feature Size on Performance
13 Growing Logic Chip Density
14 Trends in Feature and Die Size as a Function of Time
15 Supercomputer Memory Sizes and trends in RAM Density
16 Comparison of Trends in RAM Density and CPU Performance Increases
17 Three Major Markets -- Logic,ASIC,DRAM
18 Chip and Package Characteristics
19 Fabrication Characteristics
20 Electrical Design and Test Metrics
21 National Roadmap for Semiconductor Technology --1992

Start new Section: Overview of HPCC Nationally
22 Status of Parallel Computing and High Speed Networks --
The Grand Challenges and the National Information Infrastructure

Start new Subsection:General Overview of Parallel Computing Technology
23 Superficial Observations on High Performance Computing-I
24 We have learnt that Parallel Computing Works !
25 Advances in Parallel Computer and High Speed Network (HPCC) Technology
26 Superficial Observations on High Performance Computing-II
27 When will Parallel Computing Take Over ?
28 Some Hardware/Software Trends over next 5 years
29 Who Uses High Performance Computers?

Start new Subsection:Federal HPCC Initiative 1992-1996
30 The Federal High Performance Computing and Communication Initiative 1992--1996
31 The Federal High Performance Computing and Communication Initiative (HPCCI)
32 The High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative
33 HPCCI Goals

Start new Subsection:Note the Trend to the NII
34 Note the Trend from Large Scale Numerical Computing to the Integration of Computing and Communication in the NII
35 The Blue Books
Supplements to the President's Fiscal Year Budget
36 http://www.hpcc.gov/
37 The Blue Book Covers
38 Superficial Observations on High Performance Communication
39 Some Implications of HPCC Observations

Start new Section:What is Computational Science?
40 What and Why is Computational Science ?
41 Parallelism Implies Major Changes which have significant educational Implications
42 What is Computational Science?
43 What do we have at Syracuse University?
44 Program in Computational Science
Implemented within current academic framework
45 Methodology for Computation
46 Usefulness of Computational Science Degrees:
47 Syracuse Computational Science Academic Programs -- Masters Degree
48 Syracuse Graduate Computational Science Academic Programs
49 Computational Science Courses -- Typical CPS615 Module
50 Computational Science Courses -- CPS713
51 Some Academic Areas and their Relation to Computational Science
52 Program in Information Age Computational Science Implemented Within Current Academic Program

Elementary Discussion of Parallel Computing
53 Parallel Processing and Society
54 Concurrent Construction of a Wall
Using N = 8 Bricklayers
Decomposition by Vertical Sections
55 Quantitative Speed-Up Analysis for Construction of Hadrian's Wall
56 Amdahl's law for Real World Parallel Processing
57 Pipelining --Another Parallel Processing Strategy for Hadrian's Wall
58 Hadrian's Wall Illustrates that the Topology of Processor Must Include Topology of Problem
59 General Speed Up Analysis
60 Nature's Concurrent Computers
61 Comparison of Concurrent Processing in Society and Computing

Start new Section:The Fundamental Reasons Why Parallel Computing is Easy
62 Data Parallelism is a Universal Source of Scaling Parallelism
63 We have learnt that Parallel Computing Works !
64 Methodology of Parallel Computing
65 Concurrent Computation as a Mapping Problem -I
66 Concurrent Computation as a Mapping Problem - II
67 Concurrent Computation as a Mapping Problem - III
68 Finite Element Mesh From Nastran
(mesh only shown in upper half)
69 A Simple Equal Area Decomposition
70 Decomposition After Annealing
(one particularly good but nonoptimal decomposition)

More Complex Problem Issues in the Society Analogy
71 Comparison of The Complete Problem to the subproblems formed in domain decomposition
72 Hadrian's Wall Illustrating an
Irregular but Homogeneous Problem
73 Some Problems are Inhomogeneous Illustrated by:
An Inhomogeneous Hadrian Wall with Decoration
74 Global and Local Parallelism Illustrated by Hadrian's Wall
75 Parallel I/O Illustrated by
Concurrent Brick Delivery for Hadrian's Wall
Bandwidth of Trucks and Roads
Matches that of Masons

A Brief Discussion of Computer Architectures
76 Single nCUBE2 CPU Chip
77 64 Node nCUBE Board
78 Technologies for High Performance Computers
79 Architectures for High Performance Computers - I
80 Architectures for High Performance Computers - II
81 There is no Best Machine!
82 Quantum Computing - I
83 Quantum Computing - II
84 Quantum Computing - III
85 Superconducting Technology -- Past
86 Superconducting Technology -- Present
87 Superconducting Technology -- Problems
88 Architecture Classes of High Performance Computers
89 von Neuman Architecture in a Nutshell
90 Illustration of Importance of Cache
91 Vector Supercomputers in a Nutshell - I
92 Vector Supercomputing in a picture
93 Vector Supercomputers in a Nutshell - II
94 Instruction Flow in A Simple Machine Pipeline
95 Flynn's Classification of HPC Systems
96 Parallel Computer Architecture Memory Structure
97 Comparison of Memory Access Strategies
98 Types of Parallel Memory Architectures -- Physical Characteristics
99 Diagrams of Shared and Distributed Memories
100 Parallel Computer Architecture Control Structure
101 Some Major Hardware Architectures - MIMD
102 MIMD Distributed Memory Architecture
103 Some Major Hardware Architectures - SIMD
104 SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) Architecture
105 Some Major Hardware Architectures - Mixed
106 Some MetaComputer Systems
107 Comments on Special Purpose Devices
108 The GRAPE N-Body Machine
109 Why isn't GRAPE a Perfect Solution?
110 Granularity of Parallel Components - I
111 Granularity of Parallel Components - II
112 Classes of Communication Networks
113 Switch and Bus based Architectures
114 Examples of Interconnection Topologies
115 Useful Concepts in Communication Systems
116 Communication Performance of Some MPP's
117 Implication of Hardware Performance
118 Latency and Bandwidth of a Network
119 Transfer Time in Microseconds for both Shared Memory Operations and Explicit Message Passing
120 Latency/Bandwidth Space for 0-byte message(Latency) and 1 MB message(bandwidth).

Start new Subsection:The Federal 1996 Program in Detail
121 The Federal Program Focusing on 1996 Highlights with many exciting Applications
122 1996 Blue Book
123 1996 Blue Book (1 of 3)
124 1996 Blue Book (2 of 3)
125 1996 Blue Book (3 of 3)

Start new Section:The Many Grand Challenges

Grand Challenges

126 The Application Motivation for HPCC
127 High Performance Computing Research Facilities
128 Grand Challenge Applications
129 Applied Fluid Dynamics
130 Coupled Field Problems and GAFD Turbulence
131 Numerical Tokamak Project
132 Meso- to Macro-Scale Environmental Modeling
133 Mathematical Modeling of Air Pollution Dynamics
134 Global Climate Modeling
135 4-D Data Assimilation
136 Eco Simulations
137 Biomedical Imaging and Biomechanics
138 Molecular Biology
139 Molecular Design
140 Biomolecular Modeling and Structure Determination
141 Fundamental Computational Sciences

Black Hole Grand Challenge

142 Binary Black Holes Simulation
143 The Binary Black Hole Grand Challenge Alliance
144 BBH: Computational Challenge
145 Adaptive Multilevel Parallel Infrastructure

Back to Grand Challenges

146 First Principal Simulation of Materials Properties
147 Large Scale Structure and Galaxy Formation
148 Grand-Challenge-Scale Applications
149 Visible Human
150 A Realistic Ocean Model
151 Shoemaker-Levy 9 Collision with Jupiter
152 Advanced Simulation of Crash Simulation
153 National Challenge Applications

Industry Survey

154 A Survey of New York State Industrial Opportunities for HPCC was very influential for me and my group(NPAC)
155 Categories of Industrial and Government Applications of HPCC (with reference to academic applications)
156 The 33 Application areas were studied in detail:
Simulation (Roughly the Grand Challenges)
157 The 33 Application areas were studied in detail:
Information Analysis -- DataMining
158 The 33 Application areas were studied in detail:
InfoVision: Information, Video, Imagery and Simulation on Demand
159 The 33 Application areas were studied in detail:
Information Integration combining Simulation, Analysis and InfoVision

Summary of HPCC in Industry?


160 Some detailed Analysis of Opportunities for HPCC in the Science and Engineering Simulation Arena
161 Opportunities for HPCC in the Science and Engineering Simulation Arena
162 Some Simulation Areas which will be Difficult to exploit in near term
163 Suprisingly Difficult and Suprisingly Promising Areas for HPCC in Simulation
164 Why is it hard to use HPCC in Manufacturing-I?
165 Why is it hard to use HPCC in Manufacturing-II?
166 Multidisciplinary Analysis and Design as a Critical use of HPCC in Manufacturing?
167 Role of Government and DoD in HPCC Simulation Applications
168 The HPCC Software Industry is not Viable in Simulation Area ?
169 Anecdotes from HPCC Software Industry Arena
170 National Challenges will drive the adoption of HPCC in the "Real World"

And now we must look at National Challenges


171 From the Grand(Simulation) Challenges to the National (information) Challenges
172 Characteristics of Grand Challenges
173 Federal 1994 Blue Book Comparison of National and Grand Challenges
174 Come to CPS616 for a detailed discussion of the National Challenges and the National Information Infrastructure

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key cps615homepage95 URL http://www.npac.syr.edu/projects/cps615fall95/ * CPS 615 Basic Overview of Computational Science -- Simulation Track by gcf on Sept 1,1995
Times 1 Foils referenced Script
key cps615homepage96 URL http://www.npac.syr.edu/projects/cps615fall96/ * 1996 Session of CPS 615 Basic Overview of Computational Science -- Simulation Track by gcf on Aug 27 1996
Times 1 Foils referenced Script
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